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Index to Periodicals In his address on "The Extent of Unpun ished Crime," given at the annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Bar Association, Federal

District Judge George C. Hoyt of New York made some interesting deductions. He said in part :—

"A news aper has published statistics of the lync ings which have occurred an nually in this country. It would appear that about 300,000 persons have taken part in lynchin s in the last forty years. If two thirds of t '5 number is deducted for persons who are dead or who have been engaged in more than one lynching, we have 100,000 lynchers still living. Eve person wilfully taking an active part in a ynching is guilty

of murder. No person has ever been convicted of murderfortakin partinalynching. Itmay therefore be roug estimated that there are approximately 1,000 unhung murderers, 0 that particular type, living at present in this country, mostly in the southern states. “The reports of the Commissioner of Labor state that about 60,000 strikes have occurred

in the last forty years. It would be a con servative estimate to assume that at least one—sixth of them were accompanied with violence, resultin in serious wounds, maim ing or murder. very person willfully taking an active art in an assault in a strike riot which results in a felony or murder is guilty of the crime committed. Deducting two thirds for deaths and other causes leaves approximately 165,000 men guilty of such crimes now living. There is hardly any instance in this country of a conviction for a murder, and very few instances of convictions

for felonies of any kind, committed in strike riots. It may therefore be roughly estimated that there are at least 150,000 unhung mur derers and unpunished felons, of that particu lar t, living at present in this country, mos y in the northern states." Declaration

of

London.

See

Maritime

Law.

Disarmament. Neutralization."

“The United States and By Cyrus French Wicker.

Atlantic, v. 106, p. 304 (Sept). The only wa remainin by which disarma ment can be e ected, in t e judgment of this writer, is b neutralization, rather than by internation arbitration or by the limitation of armaments. Neutralization is the im position by international agreement of per tual neutrality over land and Water. he nited States, we are told, should neutralize the Philippines. “The United States Peace Commission." By Hamilton Holt. North American Review, v. 192, p. 301 (Sept).

Urging the necessity for some form of world federation, as a condition precedent to the limitation of armaments. Several proposals looking to a League of Peace are reviewed. The hope is expressed that the

Peace Commission may outline a practical plan for the federation of the world. ‘ lconornica. "The Cause of Social Progress and of the Rate of Interest." By Professor J. Pease Norton, of Yale University. Political Science Monthly, v. 72, p. 252 (Sept.). Professor Norton attacks the time-honored theory that the means of subsistance do not increase at a rate commensurate with the growth of population, and suggests a doctrine of his own which treats social progress as really practicable, and which does not make industrial expansion de ndent upon the continuous poverty of a arge section of the po ulation. His general argument is as o ows: As every useful invention is worth what it saves to the community, its capita lized value increases with the increase of population. The capitalized value of the old arts already in use also increases with pulation, since they effect economic savin s or more people than before. But not 0 will the value of both the new and old arts increase with population, but the produc tivity of inventive or exceptional minds will also increase, if we assume that the greater the population, the ater the number of exceptional minds. onsequently the value of inventions increases faster than p0 ulation, or, as he estimates, at a rate not less t an that

of the square of the population. lmployor's Liability. "Employers, Em ployees, and Accidents." By Sir John Gray Hill. 45 Law journal 527 (Aug. 6). A portion of the paper read before the International Law Association in London in August. Diﬁerences between the statutes of diﬁerent countries are pointed out. He recommends that onl one appeal should be allowed; "in the nited States this and legal delays generally are so great as to amount to a public calamity." "The Modern Conception of Civil Re sponsibility." By M. P. B. Mignault, K. C. of Montreal, 45 Law journal 528 (Aug. 6). Read before the International Law Asso ciation. Mr. Mignault says that all the work men's com nsation laws of different countries are “foun ed upon the same basic principle, that of professional risk, and each country has solved the roblem according to its own views of its ob igations towards its citizens. They indicate unquestionably an advance towards the recognition generally of a wider principle of civil responsibility. It goes without saying that the new system has met with much criticism. Thus Mr. Dice, in his able work on Law and Opinion in England, p. 282, says: ‘This legislation bears all the marked characteristics of collectivism. The rights of workmen in regard to compensation for accidents have become a matter not of contract but of status.’ It would be idle to deny that there is some ground for this criticism.

Yet, as Mirabeau once said on a

momentous occasion: Quand tout le monde a tort. tout le monde a raison."