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 Review of Periodicals "We come then to the conclusion that all interests, the interest alike of thedpublic and of the shareholders, are best serve by cha ing freely, not mere repairs and renewa s (i. 0., depreciation) against the annual income,

but also substantial sums for additions and improvements, and, further, for what perhaps might be described as contingencies. n other words, the real test of what part of the gross income is net income is not whether the physical corpus of the property has been adequately kept up, but whether the earning power of the undertaking as a whole is being maintained.” "The Real Key to Railroad Investment Values." By John Moody. Review of Re views, v. 41, p. 340 (Man). "The steadily increasing eﬂiciency and proﬁt-producing power of these great Ameri can railroad systems have, of course, been

rogressively capitalized. But a little re section on the subject will show the strength of these values. Instead of being ‘water’ they are of more importance frequently than the hysical assets of the company, and indeed ten to steadily increase the worth of the physical property itself." Government. “The Internal and External Powers of the National Government." By George Sutherland, United States Senator from Utah. North American Review, v. 191, p. 373 (Mar).

“While maintaining the power of the general government to adequately meet and eal with ev external situation which aﬁects the general welfare of the United States, it is no less essential to maintain the supreme power of the state governments to deal with every question which affects only the domestic welfare of the several states. . . . "The usurpation by the general government of any state power over local affairs, and the denia to the general government of any neces sa power over national aﬁ'airs are equally un ortunate and equally subversive of the spirit of the Constitution, which is the para mount law of state and nation like."

"The Article in the Constitution of Illinois on the Distribution of Powers." By Herman G. James. 4 Illinois Law Review 624 (Apr.). From cases in which the courts have con strued the article on the distribution of the legislative, judicial, and executive powers, it appears that "courts may not: determine boundaries of municipal corporations; declare aﬁ‘irmatively what rates may be charged in the future by public service corporations; declare private corporations to have, because of their growth. become affected with a public interest; or hear a peals from deter mination of administration boards. On the other hand, it is no violation of the article on theseparation of powers for courts to make mlrmrnary designations, when acting as a rd, of the territory of proposed municipal

corporations,

293 or

to

appoint

non-'udicial

ofﬁcers, such as Park, Drainage and Comrmssioners."

lection

British Constitution. "The Judicial Com mittee of the Privy Council." By William Renwick Riddell. 44 American Law Review 161 (Man-Apt).

“This body is not a court-it is a committee appointed to consider certain legal questions and re rt thereon to his Majestys Pri Counci. There is no instance in which a those who are qualiﬁed actually sit; I have never seen more than seven; nor less than four-three exclusive of the lord president constitute a quorum. These Privy Councilors are clothed as ordina English gentlemen, without oﬂicial garb 0 any kind, althou h counsel appearing before them must wear t e black gown, silk or stuﬁ, according as he is or is not a King's counsel, bands of white lawn and wig of horse hair. In Ontario we wear all these, except the wi, but I found

that one becomes accustomerf to the wig very uickl and very easily. I presume it stri es t e Englishman with the same sense of incongrurty when he enters our courts and sees Judges and counsel with gown and white bands, but without the wig, as it

does an ntarian when he sees certain American judges sitting in court with a gown but also with a black necktie. "Being a committee and not a court, the

decision a report, no dissent is expressed." "England's Single-Chamber Experiment." By G. M. Godden. Nineteenth Century, v. 86, p. 409 (Man).

A historical study of the circumstances attending the passage of the resolution of the House of Commons abolishing the House of Lords, passed in 1649. See Direct Nominations, Federal and State

Powers, Interstate Commerce, Local Govern ment, Res Adjudicata, and Taxation. Labor Lawa.

See Freedom of Contract.

Legal Education. "The Utility of the Study of Legal History." By M. A. Carringer. 3 Lawyer and Banker 6 (Feb.). "The law reformer, without a knowledge of legal history, is in danger of advocating schemes for t e improvement of the lega system which have been lon since tried and found waiting... . . It is rd indeed to see how the 'story of English political in stitutions can be understood without a comprehensive knowledge of English legal history. This is equally true of the political history of the United States."

Legal Plagiarism.

Scott's "Hague Con

ferences of 1899 and 1907." By J. P. C. [Chamberlain, Professor of International Law in the University of California.] 10 Columbia Law Review 276 (Man).