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The Green Bag

Question: I, Brotherhoods and Efficiency, by William J. Cunningham; II, Authority and Efficiency, by James O. Fagan." Atlantic, v. 104, pp. 289, 302 (Sept.). Mr. Fagan here attacks the difficult problem which confronts the Pennsylvania Railroad on account of its refusal to meet the demand of the railroad brotherhoods for an increased share in the management of the road. The Pennsylvania is the last of the personally managed roads. The other side of the ques tion is taken by W. J. Cunningham, who

supports the position taken by the brother hoods. "The Position of English Railways." By W. M. Acworth. North American Review, v. 195, p. 367 (Sept.). "It is impossible to suppose that England will submit to an almost unregulated railway monopoly. The present position cannot be permanent. ... I can see but one outlet from the position in which English railways find themselves, and that outlet is state pur chase." •

Reviews of Boofe HISTORY OF THE HARVARD LAW SCHOOL. History of the Harvard Law School and of Early Legal Conditions in America. By Charles Warren, of the Suffolk bar. Lewis Publishing Co., New York. 3v. (1908.) Pp. 543, 514 + appendices and index 46, alumni roll 397. MR. CHARLES WARREN of the Boston bar has compiled an extremely read able history of the Harvard Law School, which will be of interest not only to its own alumni but to those of other institutions as well. A great deal of material has found its way into these volumes relating to the history of the legal profession in America, and the part which the Harvard Law School has played in American legal education generally. The first dozen chapters do not deal with the Law School at all, but present a detailed sketch of the bar in Colonial times and from the close of the Revolution up to 1817, the year in which the School was founded. In this introduction, it is not alone the Massa chusetts bar which receives attention but that of other states as well. The treatment adopted in the subsequent narrative is richly flavored with anecdote and is such that every one will find these volumes of interest. The School has educated many lawyers who have achieved an inter national reputation, as great jurists, advocates, statesmen, or teachers of law, and the volumes are full of information of a distinctly personal kind regarding a multitude of fascinating personalities which have exerted a tremendous if not a controlling influence upon the ideals of the profession in America. The author,

moreover, has not only reviewed a large part of the development of the profession itself outside of New England, but also that of the law as molded by many famous decisions which are in one way or another related to the main topic. The early struggles of the School to overcome various material obstruc tions, for example, lead to much historical exposition of the Dartmouth College and Charles River Bridge cases. The pages which deal with these cases are intensely interesting, and throw new light on the fascinating per sonalities which figured in those epoch-making decisions. The first law professorship established in America was founded in 1779, at William and Mary College, in Virginia, but the first law school in the country was started in a small wooden building at Litchfield, Conn., in 1784. When the Harvard Law School was estab lished, in 1817, legal education in special schools of preparation was not regarded with favor by the majority of the profession, and the growth of the law schools which are now so numerous is a comparatively recent de velopment. The success of the Harvard Law School under the Story rigime largely led to the growth of American law schools after 1830. The history of the Harvard Law School and that of the case method of teaching law are closely intertwined. The case system, originated by Professor Langdell, whose ser vices to the school and the profession cannot be overestimated, receives a treatment be fitting its importance. As an illustration of