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TEXT-BOOK OF MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND TOXICOLOGY. By John J. Reese. Sixth edi tion revised by Henry Leffman. Philadel phia: P. Blackiston's Sons and Com pany. 1902. Cloth. (xvi+66o pp.) The progress and development of the subject of Toxicology warrants the publication, from time to time, of a new edition of this standard work. This present edition takes note of this advance, and considers recent cases. It is a volume of value, both to the lawyer and to the physician.

with the growth of knowledge, intelligence and social morality—increasing because of this growth. The persistent enlargement of the field of crime is a necessity for all truly progressive nations. . . . Society's conrucl, with its criminal members, due to the enforcement of new social prohibitions, is one of the chief means by which humanity, in every age, has risen from a lower to a higher plane of civilization, from almost un controlled license, selfishness and hate, into true liberty, love and mutual helpfulness'' (p. vi).

CRIME IN ITS RELATIONS то SOCIAL PROGRESS. By Arthur Cleveland Hall. New York: The Columbia University Press. 1902. Cloth, (xv+427 pp.) This book is Volume XV. in the series of "Studies in History, Economics and Public Law," edited by the Faculty of Political Science of Columbia University. It is both a history of crime and a philosophic study of it. Starting with an introductory chap ter on "The Evolutionary Function and Usefulness of Crime and Punishment." Dr. Hall considers, in the first place, "Social Punishment among Animals." and then, be ginning with "Crime among Savages," among the "Savage Races in Australia, America, Asia, and Africa. and among "The European Aryans, traces the history of crime in England down through the pe riods when England was under the Nor mans and Plantagenets. the Tudors, and the Stuarts, until finally he comes to the consid eration of crime in Modern England. Tak ing up in turn the interesting questions, "Has Crime Increased During the Nine teenth Century?" "Is Punishment Powerless against Crime?" and "The Trend of Crime in Modern Times," he arrives finally at the enunciation of "An Ethical Theory of Crime." What this theory is is shown by the following quotations: "Crime . . . results from the limitation of nature's law of self-interest by her altruistic law. The anti-social individual who will not submit himself to these limitations, but insists upon acting in opposition to social necessity, he is the typical criminal" (p. 393). "Crime is. in large part, a social product, increasing

A HISTORY OF MATRIMONIAL INSTITUTIONS, Chiefly in England and the United States, with an introductory Analysis of the Lit erature and the Theories of Primitive Marriage and the Family. By George Elliott Hmi.<ard. Three volumes. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press: Callaghan and Company. 1904. (xv+473+xv+ 497+XV+449 pp.) It is hard to conceive of a more thorough, systematic and scholarly study of Matrimo nial Institutions than is presented in these three volumes. The amount of. research work has been great. Fortunately, the re sult is commensurate with the labor, and as a result this History will stand as a per manent and valuable contribution to socio logical and legal literature. In the limited space at our disposal it is possible only to indicate the wide scope of the work. The History is divided into three parts. Part I. is an "Analysis of the Literature and the Theories of Primitive Matrimonial In stitutions," treated under the five heads of "The Patriarchal Theory. ITieory of the Horde and Mother-Right," "Theory of the Original Pairing or Monogamous Family." "Rise of the Marriage Contract." and "Early History of Divorce." Part II. deals with "Matrimonial Institutions in England." starting with wife-purchase, tracing, in. turn. the "Rise of Ecclesiastical Marriage," "The Protestant Conception of Marriage," and the "Rise of Civil Marriage," and finally setting forth the "History of Separation and Divorce under English and Ecclesiastical Law."