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anthropology, and his great work "Crimin ology" deals with the means of repressing crime quite as much as with its nature and causes. He has also studied the question of what reparation is due to victims of crime. His only flight into sociology has concerned his attack on socialism, in whose curative Utopia he does not believe. Among the latest contributors to this fas cinating science the highest places belong to three young men; Scipio Sighele, Guglielmo Ferrero, and A. G. Bianchi. All three are journalists, all three distinguished by the

same qualities of keen ob servation, of more than or dinary cultivation, with sometimes a tendency to write a little hastily and to jump at conclusions too rapidly. This reproof es pecially concerns Sighele, who has allowed himself to judge and write of matters, English and American, of which he has but the most superficial and second hand knowledge. Here the newspaper writer has done wrong to the scien tist. Sighele made his name with an admirable book entitled " The Crim GCOLIELMO inal Crowd," which a French writer has thought fit to appropriate in outline and almost entirely in substance, obtaining for it the honor of translation into English, while the real author has been left out in the cold. Able, too, is the "Criminal Couple." A paradoxical pamphlet directed against parliamentary government, and re vealing the failure of a system on which the hopes of Europe were once based as the sheet-anchor of liberty, excited some atten tion on its appearance in 1895. and was dealt with at length in "Blackwood's Maga zine." His last work, on " Individual Moral ity as opposed to Public Morality," inspired

by the doubtful morality of Signor Crispi's government, also aroused discussion, especi ally among Crispi's adherents who looked on the book as a bit of special pleading in favor of their master's dubious political proceed ings. Guglielmo Ferrero is a Piedmontese, and belongs to an old aristocratic family of Turin. Although his name is already well known in scientific circles, he is still little more than a youth. Together with Lombroso he wrote the "Criminal Woman," spoken of at length in these pages, and which at once brought him to the front, as all the world knew that it was he who collated and collected the facts therein contained. His first independent work was that most remarkable one dealing with " Sym bols," of which we have also spoken before. His latest publication deals with Crispi, whose person ality he subjected to a scientific analysis, qualify ing him as a born mad man. Ferrero, too, is a convinced socialist, and on this account was arrested during the reign of terror FebBEbO. that prevailed in the course of the last months of Crispi's dictatorship. He was ordered to leave Italy, and, profiting by this enforced exile, he visited Germany and learned the language and the condition of anthropological studies in that land. He has but recently returned. His magazine articles are always able, and marked by a high and independent tone. A. G. Bianchi, a Milanese by birth, is also young. Not rich, like Ferrero, he had to make his own way, and entered into journal ism as a means to obtain daily bread. He began life as a railway official, writing at the same time reviews of new books, Italian and