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his wife, together with his wife was there after subjected to such persecution that he saw no other means of escaping the snares of his powerful enemies than by leaving the realm. He embarked and set sail from the coast of Sussex, but was overtaken, brought back and lodged in the Tower. Lady Arundel was treated with great cruelty. Arundel House was despoiled, all prop erty confiscated, and Arundel was fined £10,000 by the Star Chamber for having attempted to leave the kingdom without permission. He was also condemned to suffer imprisonment during the Queen's pleasure, and nothing less than a life term served to appease Elizabeth's vengeance. Lady Katharine Gray (sister of the un fortunate Lady Jane), who had contracted a clandestine marriage with the Earl of Hert ford, was thrown into the Tower and there gave birth to a fair son. Her husband had been sent for from France, and on his re turn he was also incarcerated there. Though in separate prison lodgings he found a means of visiting his wife in her affliction, and she afterwards became the mother of a second child. For this offense he was fined £20,000 in the Star Chamber, his marriage having been declared null and void, as the sister of the Earl, the only efficient witness, was dead. Katharine was kept in durance apart from her husband and child seven years, when she died. Her real offense was that of being Lady Jane Gray's sister. Tin: luckless Secretary Davison, who was selected by Elizabeth as the scapegoat on whom the whole blame' for the Scottish Mary's death was to be laid, was stripped of his offices, sent to the Tower, and prose cuted in the Star Chamber for the contempt of revealing the secret communication which had passed between the Queen and him to others of her ministers. This was doubtless his principal offense and the cause for which he was punished; the other was giving up to them the warrant which had been com mitted to his special trust. He was fined

£10,000 and sentenced to suffer imprison ment during the Queen's pleasure. In 1 5 c 3, during the interregnum between the death of Edward VI. and Queen Mary's accession, the violent party spirit of the Star Chamber displayed itself in an unusual degree. A Mr. Dobbs, who had presented a peti tion from the reformers of Ipswich, claiming protection for their religion on the faith of a proclamation issued by the queen immedi ately upon her arrival in London, was set in the pillory for his pains.1 One of the Star Chamber's most nefarious acts was the imprisonment of Judge Hales, a proceeding which brought great obloquy on Mary, though her only part in it was the righting of the wrong when it was put before her notice. Judge Hales had. positively re fused to have any concern in the disinherit ing of Mary; he had boldly declared to Northumberland and his faction that it was against English law. He had, however, at the assizes held at the usual time, but after Edward's death, given a charge from the bench to the people of Kent, advising them to observe the laws made in Edward's time, and which were certainly in force until re pealed. For this he was committed to the Fleet prison by the privy council. Hales, feeling the keen disgrace of his condition, and despairing that justice would ever again visit his country, attempted his own life, but unsuccessfully. When the queen learned of his unmerited persecution she sent at once for him to the palace, "spoke many words of comfort to him," and ordered him to be set at liberty honorably. But Hales' treatment had so deeply wounded him that he destroyed himself soon after. Edward Underbill, an accomplished Worcestershire gentleman, who for his zeal in the Calvinistic religion was dubbed " the hot gospeller," penned a satirical ballad 1 Machyn's Diary records the incident thus : " The 29 of July 1553, was a fellow set in the pillory, for speaking against the good Queen Mare."