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388 agency, followed by recitations in the portions of Parsons on Contracts relating to those subjects.

Estoppel. A course of lectures for one week on the subject of estoppel, both of record and in pais.

Attachment and Garnishment. A course of lectures on these subjects, with references to statutory provisions and leading cases.

Justice Practice. A course of lectures for one week on practice in Justices' Courts.

Constitutional Law. A course of lectures for four weeks upon the history of constitutional government in the United States, followed by lectures on constitutional law for five weeks, accompanied with recitations in Cooley's Principles of Constitutional Law.

Constitutional Limitations. lectures on the rights of person and property as protected by constitutional limitations.

It should be said in explanation of the foregoing schedule, that each subject is continuously pursued during one hour per day, five days in the week for the number of weeks provided; while in several of the junior studies, especially Pleading, CriminialCriminal [sic] Law and Probate Law, a second hour of instruction per day is given by way of quiz.

Some explanation is due, also, as to the instruction in Pleading and the various branches of practice. Common Law Pleading, strictly speaking, is not now practised anywhere, and it seems useless to teach it as a distinct subject. Most of its principles and rules are preserved to greater or less extent in present forms, and should be under stood. The method pursued is to give instruction on the general principles of pleading as a system, in which explanation is given of the nature of an issue, the kind of issues, the methods of raising and of trying them, etc. During this course of instruction what is valuable, either historically or practically, of the common law system is fully explained,—such as the forms of actions, the steps in pleading, and the more important rules. In this connection, the essential differences between the common law and the code system are pointed out. It is insisted, in accordance with the views of Dr. Pomeroy as elaborated in his work entitled 'Remedies and Remedial Rights," that code pleading is a system as distinct and perfect as that of the common law ever was, and far more in harmony with reason and the practical requirements of modern times. As, however, the code system differs in details in the different States, it is thought better to give definite instruction with reference to the forms of one State than to compare and generalize, the students being warned that as to such details they must study for themselves the code of the State in which they practise. It has been found that code pleading as thus taught according to the code of Iowa, is a better introduction to practice in any of the code States than could be given in any other way than by specific instruction in the codes of such States. Indeed, the numerous graduates of the School who practise in Illinois have found no difficulty in adapting themselves to its modified system of common law pleading.

In teaching Practice, the code of Iowa is followed in the same manner. As to many questions which may arise under any of the codes, authorities from other States are presented, and a general rule is stated if possible; but where the solution depends upon the language of a particular code, that of Iowa is resorted to. In teaching other branches, the Iowa statutes and decisions are not made prominent, the principles of the common law according to the weight of American authorities being presented, and the fact of statutory modification being briefly referred to. The fact that students are drawn from many States, and are preparing to practise in many States, precludes exclusive study of Iowa law, even if so narrow a course were possible.

If it is urged that too much time, relatively, is given to Practice, the answer simply is that the student needs such information in his profession, and so far as is practicable to give it in the Law School, it should be given. It will not be to the disadvantage of the beginner in practice that he is familiar with the