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 Columbia College Law School that, though born and educated in Germany, he thoroughly understood American political institutions, and treated them with an intel ligent insight and skill rare even among American students. He was a true friend of a well-regulated political liberty, which on all suitable occasions he was wont to ex pound and to extol.

No one could be more proud of the title " jurist " than Dr. Lieber. He great ly preferred it to that of Professor. When called by the latter title, he was wont play fully to correct the speaker, if well ac quainted with him, saying, " Doctor, if you please." He was fond of legal maxims and sententious phrases carrying with them sound or far-reaching principles. He would sometimes print these in large type, and sur round them with gilt frames and present them to friends, to be hung up for constant FRANCIS recognition in offices and libraries. One to which he was particularly attached concerned the relation between duties and rights, in Latin dress : "Nullumjus sine officio; nullum officium sinejure!' Such phrases as these ap peared, as it were, to be engraved on his heart. His whole instruction had an elevated tone. The title of his work, " Political Ethics," well expresses the general current of his thoughts. In his view a political structure without ethical principles was built upon the sand. His lectures were highly useful and sugges tive to those students who constantly listened to him. If he failed in any respect, it was in the lack of that regular system so dear to

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the American student's heart, his mind was so deep in thought, so rich in suggestion, so affluent in illustration, that to an ordinary student there might seem to be a break in the continuity of treatment of his subject, when there were in fact only elegant acces sories and delightful excursions, from which he would in due time return to the main track of his discourse. The writer desires to acknowledge his great indebtedness to Dr. Lieber for most valu able suggestions made in conversation and in correspondence, and his profound respect for his thorough com prehension of the prin ciples of a true political science. His death in 1872 was sudden, and caused a great loss to the cause of education and the interests of the country at large. The vacancy thus created in the depart ment of Political Sci ence was filled in 1876 by the election of Prof. John W. Burgess of I.IEBER Amherst College to that chair. The title of this professorship has been so changed in later years as to extend it to Constitutional and International History and Law. In the year 1878 the organization of the Law School was modified. The office of Warden (created in 1864) was continued, and five professorships were established: (1) of the Law of Contracts, Maritime and Admiralty Law; (2) of Real Estate and Equity Jurisprudence; (3) of Criminal Law, Torts, and Procedure; (4) of Constitutional His tory and International Law; (5) of Medical Jurisprudence. Theodore W. Dwight was continued in the