Page:The Gall Wasp Genus Cynips.pdf/99

 situation, nevertheless, warrants the conclusion that a consideration of the insect morphology alone would have led to a highly artificial classification.

The bisexual forms are known for four of the varieties representing three of the species (folii, longiventris, and divisa) of European Cynips. The agamic galls appear in Central Europe in late June, maturing in August, the insects transforming into adults in September or October but delaying emergence until late in October, November, December, or warmer days in later winter. The eggs of these agamic females are layed in buds, the bisexual galls appearing in April or May in the adventitious buds on older branches, or on younger shoots, or on the tips of the leaves, depending on the place of oviposition of the agamic mother. In the uniformity of these four life histories we have an evidence of relationships which is stronger than that furnished by the few morphologic characters available for delimiting the subgenus; and we may confidently predict that the bisexual generations of the other varieties, with the possible exception of C. cornifex, will prove nearly identical with the bisexual forms already known. There is, however, a possibility that some of the most southern varieties may have only a single, agamic generation in a year, without alternation of generations—a condition evidently existing among some of our more southern American Cynipidae.

In addition to the above-mentioned, bisexual Cynips, there is another, Cynips schlechtendali Kieffer, that seems unrecognizable to me at this time. The data for this insect are given directly below, instead of in place with the known species of Cynips, for schlechtendali is not more than a bisexual form of agama or divisa (the only Central European Cynips for which bisexual forms are not known), if indeed it is not a synonym of one of the other bisexual forms.

Dryophanta sp.? Schlechtendal, 1891, Jahrb. Ver. Zwickau, 1890: 341 (♀, ⊕) (acc. Kieffer, 1901, Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1901:435).

Dryophanta Schlechtendali Kieffer, 1901, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1901; 435 (♀, ⊕).

Dryophanta Schlechtendali Houard, 1908, Zoocécid. Europe 1:261.

Diplolepis Schlechtendali Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Das Tierreich 24: 343, 353, 756, 783. Kieffer, 1914, Ins. Mitteleur. 3 (3):44, 63. Ross and Hedicke, 1927, Pflanzengallen Mit.- und Nord-europas: 231. Tavares, 1928, Broteria 25:52.