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 nity or club until he had carried successfully at least eleven hours of college work. Men might be pledged whenever the fraternity wished, but they might not be initiated until they had complied with the rule. The effect of this regulation was first to stimulate the pride of the pledge who, even if he were innately lazy would sometimes rather study than suffer the humiliation of having his pledge button taken away from him or the time of his initiation deferred because he had not carried his work. The fraternity, too, was roused in most cases to more than ordinary interest, and when it seemed likely that a pledge was in danger, stimulated him by one means or another until he could be made to bring his work up. As a result, the general scholastic average was considerably raised.

Much rivalry was soon aroused, and organizations; began to resort to various devices legitimate and otherwise in order that their scholastic standing might not be lowered. If a man could not be made to raise his scholarship in a certain subject by legitimate means an attempt was made to persuade the Dean to allow him to withdraw from it. If this could not be brought about, then the student sometimes dropped the course without permission or absented himself from the final examination and so had no grade at all to form a part of the general average. In order to meet these two subterfuges we have for some time in