Page:The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma (Birds Vol 2).djvu/70

56 Fig. 23. Copsychus saularis.

Family TURDIDÆ.

The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the bronchial semi-rings ; the edges of both mandibles smooth, or the upper one simply notched ; hinder aspect of tarsus bilaminated, the laminae entire and smooth ; wing with ten primaries ; tongue non-tubular ; nostrils always clear of the line of forehead, the space between the nostril and the edge of the mandible less than the space between the nostril and the culmen ; plumage of the nestling mottled or squamated to a greater or less extent ; one moult in the year, but frequently supplemented by a seasonal change of plumage caused by the casting-off of the margins of the feathers in spring ; rectrices usually twelve, very seldom fourteen.