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 which had been laid before the Conference of Constantinople in 1876, subject to modifications to be agreed upon by Turkey, Russia, and Austria. The Treaty of Berlin provided a more drastic remedy for the grievances of these provinces, by arranging that they should be 'occupied and administered' by Austria. One incidental result of this arrangement was to put an end to the controversy, long carried on between the Porte and Austria, as to the right of the former to communicate freely from the sea with the Herzegovina, through the two enclaves of that province, Klek and Sutorina, which jut out into Dalmatia.

For the subsequent history of these districts, see the note to Article 25 of the Treaty of Berlin.

The remaining topics, XIII-XVII, are probably explained in sufficient detail in the notes to the relative articles of the Treaty of Berlin, together with, in the case of XV, the notes to the Convention of 1881.

General Treaty between Her Majesty, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the French, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of Russia, the