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 (1549-59); John Cook (1559-73); William Malim (1573-81); John Harrison (1581-96); Richard Mulcaster (1596-1608).

Masters of Choir School:—? Thomas Hikeman (c. 1521); John Redford (c. 1540); ? Thomas Mulliner (?); Sebastian Westcott (> 1557-1582); Thomas Giles (1584-1590 <); Edward Pearce (> 1600-1606 <).

[Bibliographical Note.—The documents bearing upon the early history of the two cathedral schools, often confused, are printed and discussed by A. F. Leach in St. Paul's School before Colet (Archaeologia, lxii. 1. 191) and in Journal of Education (1909), 503. M. F. J. McDonnell, ''A History of St. Paul's School'' (1909), carries on the narrative of the grammar school. The official chroniclers of the cathedral, perhaps owing to the loss of archives in the Great Fire, have given no connected account of the choir school; with the material available on the dramatic side they appear to be unfamiliar. Valuable contributions are W. H. G. Flood, ''Master Sebastian, in Musical Antiquary'', iii. 149; iv. 187; and H. N. Hillebrand, Sebastian Westcote, Dramatist and Master of the Children of Paul's (1915, J. G. P. xiv. 568). Little is added to the papers on ''Plays Acted by the Children of Paul's and Music in St. Paul's Cathedral'' in W. S. Simpson, Gleanings from Old St. Paul's (1889), 101, 155, by J. S. Bumpus, ''The Organists and Composers of St. Paul's Cathedral'' (1891), and W. M. Sinclair, Memorials of St. Paul's Cathedral (1909).]

Mr. Leach has succeeded in tracing the grammar school, as part of the establishment of St. Paul's Cathedral, to the beginning of the twelfth century. It was then located in the south-east corner of the churchyard, near the bell-tower, and here it remained to 1512, when it was rebuilt, endowed, and reorganized on humanist lines by Dean Colet, and thereafter to 1876, when it was transferred to Horsham in Sussex. Originally the master was one of the canons; but by the beginning of the thirteenth century this officer had taken on the name of chancellor, and the general supervision of the actual schoolmaster, a vicar choral, was only one of his functions. Distinct from the grammar school was the choir school, for which the responsible dignitary was not the chancellor, but the precentor, in whose hands the appointment of a master of the song school rested. There was, however, a third branch of the cathedral organization also concerned with the training of boys. The almonry or hospital, maintained by the chapter for the relief of the poor, seems to have been established at the end of the twelfth century,