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as a first volume of Curialia; or an Historical Account of the Royal Household (1791). From the material left at his death, J. Nichols published two more, on Somerset House and the Serjeants at Arms, in a second volume of Curialia (1806), and some fragments in Curialia Miscellanea (1818). Other special studies are F. S. Thomas, ''Notes of Materials for the History of Public Departments (1846), and The Ancient Exchequer of England (1848), N. Carlisle, An Inquiry into the Place and Quality of the Gentlemen of his Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Chamber (1829), E. K. Chambers, The Elizabethan Lords Chamberlain (1907, Malone Soc. Collections, i. 31), W. Nagel, Annalen der Englischen Hofmusik (1894, Beilage zu den Monatsheften für Musikgeschichte, 26), H. C. De Lafontaine, The King's Musick (1909), Lists of the King's Musicians (Musical Antiquary, i-iv, passim''). A. P. Newton's valuable paper on ''The King's Chamber under the Early Tudors (1917, E. H. R.'' xxxii. 348) appeared after my paragraphs on the Treasurer of the Chamber were written, but has helped me to revise them. An account of the post-Restoration household is given in J. Chamberlayne, Angliae Notitiae, or The Present State of England (1669), which became an annual; and this, with the works of Pegge and Carlisle, were drawn upon for the historical part of W. J. Thoms, ''The Book of Court'' (1838). The modern household is the subject of W. A. Lindsay, The Royal Household (1898). A summary, useful for comparison, of the sixteenth-century French household, is in L. Batiffol, ''The Century of the Renaissance'' (1916, tr.), 92.

There is, of course, ample material for the historian of the Tudor-Stuart Household when he presents himself. The personal references of annalists, diplomatists, and letter-writers (cf. Bibl. Note to ch. i) help out the more formal documents preserved in large numbers in the Record Office (cf. S. R. Scargill-Bird, Guide to Various Classes of Documents in the Public Record Office^3, 1908) and the British Museum (cf. sections on Public Revenue and State Establishments in Classified Catalogue of Manuscripts), of which a few have been printed in ''A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household (Society of Antiquaries, 1790, cited as H. O.), in J. Nichols, Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth''^2 (1823), and Progresses, Processions, and Festivities of James I (1828), and elsewhere. The Record Office, in addition to many records, such as those of the Auditors of Prests (cf. App. B), which relate to the Household, contains the special archives of the Lord Chamberlain's Department and the Lord Steward's Department themselves; both, however, are very fragmentary. The earlier documents of the Lord Chamberlain's Department mainly relate to the Wardrobe. The Warrant books only begin about the reign of Charles I; a selection of entries bearing upon the stage is given by C. C. Stopes in Jahrbuch, xlvi. 92. The papers in the British Museum are partly official records which have strayed from their proper custody, partly the collections of antiquaries, and partly the administrative memoranda of ministers such as Lord Burghley, Lord Salisbury, and Sir Julius Caesar. Similar collections in private hands are calendared in the reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, and in particular in the Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury (1883-1915, cited as Cecil MSS. or Hatfield MSS.). The most important documents for tracing the history of the household consist (a) of account-books, (b) of royal ordinances and of ceremonials either for the household as a whole or for some branch of it, to the more comprehensive of which are sometimes attached schedules of offices with the fees and other allowances belonging to them, and (c) lists of the actual occupants of offices drawn up from time to time for various administrative purposes. The most complete lists seem to be those of officers receiving liveries at