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 IV

PAGEANTRY

[Bibliographical Note. A mass of material on the progresses is collected in J. Nichols, Progresses of Elizabeth (ed. 2, 1823) and Progresses of James I (1828), which may be supplemented by W. Kelly, ''Royal Progresses and Visits to Leicester (1884), and F. S. Boas, University Drama in the Tudor Age'' (1914). Most of the contemporary descriptions of entertainments reprinted by Nichols will be found noticed in chh. xxiii, xxiv, and a more complete itinerary than his is attempted in Appendix A with the help of the dates of Privy Council meetings and the accounts of the Treasurer of the Chamber, which he did not utilize. Most of the hosts of royalty can be identified with the aid of the Victoria County Histories, and of other local histories, to which some guide is afforded by J. P. Anderson, ''Book of British Topography'' (1881), of which a new edition is looked for, C. Gross, Bibliography of Municipal History (1897), and A. L. Humphreys, ''Handbook to County Bibliography'' (1917). Three of the most important home counties are described in J. Norden's Middlesex (1593), Herts (1598), and Essex (1840), and the main roads are surveyed at a date rather after the period in J. Ogilby, Britannia (1675), the progenitor of a long line of road-books.

On the Lord Mayor's show, J. G. Nichols, London Pageants (1837), and F. W. Fairholt, Lord Mayor's Pageants (1843-4) and The Civic Garland (1845), may be consulted; and further details can be gleaned from C. M. Clode, Memorials of the Guild of Merchant Taylors (1875) and ''Early History of the Guild of Merchant Taylors'' (1888), and other publications of individual guilds.

Elizabethan hunting is dealt with by D. H. Madden, The Diary of Master William Silence (1897). There is no adequate history of the dance; the chapter by A. F. Sieveking in Shakespeare's England, ii. 437, and the sources there cited may be consulted. The tilt has been recently dealt with by F. H. Cripps-Day, The History of the Tournament (1918), and R. C. Clephan, The Tournament, Its Periods and Phases (1919), which appeared after this chapter was written. Contemporary records are collected by W. Segar, Honor Military and Civill (1602), and armature is learnedly treated in J. Hewitt, Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe (1855-60), and C. Ffoulkes, Armour and Weapons (1909).

R. Withington, English Pageantry (vol. i, 1918), also published since this chapter was written, deals more fully with the origins and mediaeval history of pageantry than with its Elizabethan examples.]

The tradition of pageantry had its roots deep in the Middle Ages. But it made its appeal also to the Renaissance, of which nothing was more characteristic than the passion for colour and all the splendid external vesture of things; while the ranging curiosity of the Renaissance was able to stimulate into fresh life the fading imaginative energies of the past, weaving its new fancies from classical mythology, from epic and pastoral, from the explorations of history and folk-lore,