Page:The Elements of Euclid for the Use of Schools and Colleges - 1872.djvu/182

158 PROPOSITION 16. THEOREM.

If four magnitudes of the same kind be proportionals, they shall also he proportionals when taken alternately.

Let A, B, C, D be four magnitudes of the same kind which are proportionals; namely, as A is to B so let C be to D: they shall also be proportionals when taken alternately, that is, A shall be to C as B is to D.

Take of A and B any equimultiples whatever E and F, and of C and D any equimultiples whatever G and H.

Then, because E is the same multiple of A that F is of B, and that magnitudes have the same ratio to one another that their equimultiples have; [V. 15. therefore A is to B as E is to F. But A is to B as C is to D. [Hypothesis. Therefore C is to D as E is to F. [V. 11.

Again, because G and H are equimultiples of C and D, therefore C is to D as G is to H. [V. 15. But it was shewn that C is to D as E is to F. Therefore E is to F as G is to H. [V. 11. But when four magnitudes are proportionals, if the first be greater than the third, the second is greater than the fourth; and if equal, equal; and if less, less. [V. 14. Therefore if E be greater than G, F is greater than H; and if equal, equal; and if less, less.

But E and F are any equimultiples whatever of A and B, and G and H  are any equimultiples whatever of C and D. [Construction. Therefore A is to C as B is to D. [V. Definition 5.

Wherefore if four magnitudes &c.