Page:The Economic Journal Volume 1.djvu/836

 814 THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL be added 127 associations, which have not passed through the legal forms and are mostly unions of operatives. The unions are mostly concentrated in the large manufacturing towns, and comprise altogether 596,380 members, namely 106,157 masters, 205,152 workmen, and 269,298 persons employed in agri- culture, or respectively 5, 6 and 8 per cent. of the total numbers included under these denominations. During the last year there has been an increase of 114,947 members (65,460 workmen, 12,746 masters, 35,064 persons employed in agriculture, and 1,677 members of mixed associations). The Building and l[etallurgic Trades, Bakers, and Boot Trades, Weavers, Sellers of Drinks, both wholesale and retail, Chemists, Shoemakers, Hatters, Butchers, and the trades employed on furniture have the largest proportional quota of adherents, but there is still room for a considerable extension of the movement among the manifold manufactories and industries of France. It is also to be noticed that master, whether manufacturers or farmers, have largely availed them- selves of the facilities for combination afforded by the law of 1884. The amount of money deposited in the Post Office Savings Bank (Caisse d'Eja'gne _Postale) is steadily increasing, and has reached in 1890 the sum of 100,973,521 francs (say four millions sterling), for 348,847 (leposits, showing an increase of 55,718, on the number of deposits of the preceding year. The total amount of deposits has exceeded by 70,478,117 francs, the amount of withdrawals. About one-third of the existing liv'ets (depositor's books) are inferior to 20 francs, 22 and 10 per cent. vary respectively in amount between 21 and 100, and between 101 and 200 francs. E. FROM OUR AUSTRIAN CORRESPONDENT. Four years ago the English-speaking public was informed of the economic movement in Austria by Mr. James Bonar. His elaborate articles in the Hart, ard Quarterly were followed by accounts which Dr. yon BShm-Bawerk gave in the Annals of the America Academy, by Prof. yon Wieser's essay in the first number of this Journal, and by the first interpreter of the Austrian School in an article contained in Mr. Palgrave's Dictionary of Politicall Economy. Professor Smart's translation of Cap.ital and Interest, and Professor Marshall's references in his standard work having made the English public thus far familiar with Austrian authors, the only task left seems to be that of bringing the records of their writings up to date. This brief survey being intended to sketch out the work done in and outside the academic pales, regard will be had to matters of more than merely local interest. No judgment will be made on the value of this work, to appreciate which will, in the interest of the authors, be left to competent English critics. No important theoretical publication has been published by re- presentatives of the ' Austrian school' in the last year; but in Conrad's