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 . In 1851 he resigned his connection with the book trade, and accepted an appointment in the London Joint Stock Bank. In Sept. 1854 he differed with his managers respecting some office promotion, and he was requested to resign, which he did. The following month he received an appointment in the Bank of Australasia, Melbourne, and sailed for Victoria, entering upon his duties in Melbourne in Dec. 1854. In 1865 he became accountant, and received two offers of management in New Zealand, which he declined, and was just about to take the management of the branch bank at Brisbane, when the directors of the Commercial Bank of Australia (Limited) offered him the chief management of that institution, which he accepted, taking charge in July 1870. He had an arduous task before him in practically reorganising the bank, which under his management, which still continues, has emerged from an obscure position to the front rank of Australasian banking institutions. As a writer, Mr. Turner is well known as a contributor to the daily and weekly press, and to all the magazines that have been published in Victoria. He projected the Melbourne Review, and was one of the editors as well as a contributor. Mr. Turner has paid several lengthened visits to England of late years, and is now collaborating with Mr. in the production of a volume of biographical sketches of some of the leading authors of Australia. On all matters of public finance he is recognised as an authority, and has delivered several addresses which have been published and have attracted wide attention.

Turner, Right Rev. James Francis, D.D., Bishop of Grafton and Armidale, New South Wales, is the son of the late Right Hon. Sir George James Turner, D.C.L., Judge of Appeal in Chancery, by his marriage with the youngest daughter of Edward Jones, of Brackley, Northamptonshire. He was born at Yarmouth in 1829, and educated at the Charterhouse and at Durham University, where he graduated B.A. in 1851, M.A. in 1853, and was made D.D. by diploma in 1868. He was ordained deacon in 1852, and priest in 1853. He was chaplain and censor of Bishop Cosin's Hall in Durham University from 1851 to 1854; curate of Walton, Somerset, from 1857 to 1858; rector of North Tidworth, Wilts, from 1858 to 1869; and rural dean of Amesbury, Wilts, from 1868 to 1869, in February of which year he was consecrated Bishop of Grafton and Armidale, in Westminster Abbey, by Archbishop Tait of Canterbury, Bishop of New Zealand, and six other prelates.

TwopennyTwopeny [sic], Richard Ernest Nowell, is the son of the Ven. Archdeacon T. Nowell Twopenny, of Adelaide, S.A., by his marriage with Mathilde, daughter of Major Lewis, 54th Foot. He was born on August 1st, 1857, at Little CistertonCasterton [sic] Rectory, Rutlandshire, and arrived in Melbourne in May 1876. Mr. Twopenny was secretary to the South Australian Commissions to the Paris, Sydney, and Melbourne Exhibitions of 1878, 1879 and 1880 respectively; one of the commissioners from New Zealand to the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition of 1888, and Executive Commissioner for the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition in 1890. Mr. Twopenny, who was married at Sydney on Dec. 4th, 1879, to Mary, daughter of Rev. A. H. Wratislaw, was editor of the Otago Daily Times from 1882 to 1890, is author of "Town Life in Australia" and of "L'Australie Méridionale"," and is now the proprietor and editor of the Australian Pastoralist's Review, which he founded in Melbourne in March 1891. He was created an "Officier d'Académie" in 1879.

Tyas, John Walter, second son of John Tyas, for many years a member of the literary staff of the Times, was born at Brixton, London, on Nov. 26th, 1833, educated in France and afterwards at London University School and at King's College School, London. In 1854 he became tutor to the sons of Mr. J. Walter, M.P., proprietor of the Times. In 1861 he was admitted to the Bar at the Inner Temple, and was attached to the staff of the Times for about four years. In Feb. 1868 he arrived in Adelaide, and joined as a partner the firm of Carter, Tyas, & Co., Manchester warehousemen. In 1872 he visited the Aroo Islands, the coasts of New Guinea, and the Northern Territory, on a pearl-shelling expedition. Mr. Tyas returned to England in 1873; and for a time resided in Germany, going back to Australia in 1878. In 1882 he was appointed Registrar of the University of Adelaide. 475