Page:The Cyclopedia of India (Specimen Issue).pdf/61

 .\'ew Colleﬁe and Crostliwaite In- stitute at 'otah, uud the Keinball Library at Jhnlrapatun. His designs were selected tor tirst prizes in two open competitions. He designed and commenced a Water-Supply Project lor Kotali City. livery available site for Irrigation Projects were re- ported on by him. and designs Ior a urge number of the niostimportant nl them prepared: at programme tor the complete protection Irom Famine oi the two States being made out by him. He partlv eun- strurted 5o miles of the Kotah- Barn Railway and received the thanks ol Political Agents and oi the two Durban; on sevcnl occa- sions. Rejoined the Punjab Irri- gation in too), and served on the Bari Doub Canal. In too} was routed to the Swat River Canal in the Saw. F. Province. In loos Mr. Tickell was put in dirt cut the Upper Swat Canal Project. t e hold- out oI all M Mr. Benton's splendid projects. and the work was com. pleted in seven months alter a sur- vey over the most dilﬁcult ground yet suggested for n canal in India.

The Hon‘ble Sir CHARLES LEWIS TUPPER. (2.5.1.. K.C.I.E.. was born in London on May 16th. I848, and is the son OI Capt. C. \V. Topper, late at the 7th Royal Fusi~ liers. Sir Lewis Tupperwaseduca- ted at Harrow and Oxford, where he held 3 Cor ius Christi College Scholarship. 6 passed for the Indian Civil Service in 1869 and came to India in 1871. While at Oxford he had the advantage oi hearing Sir Henry Maine deliver the lectures which were afterwards published as the book entitled ” Village Communities in the East and Weft ;" a circumstance which has given a bent to his studies throughout liie. Sir Lewis was uri» ginally posted to the United (then North-Wes“ Provinces. but obtain- ed an exchange to the Punjab, because he thought that the settle- ments procwrling there might give him an opportunity oI prosecuting his studies in the early histnrv oI property and society. He obtained the opportunity he nought. and as Assistant St‘IIlt‘mt'ﬂIOﬂlCt‘I. took up the :lllljm‘l ul I‘tiiijah ('ustumarv Law, on which he published a book in three volumes iii 1881. The lead- ing belieI which underlies this.

THE CYCLOPEDIA OF INDIA.

and all or nearly all oi his published wntings. is that the ideas. customs and institutions at mankind are .i tit subject tor scientific examination, and have been evolved in an orderly sequence, which becomes more and more capable of jift‘t’I-‘t‘ statement as scientiﬁc comparison oi aster tanned tacts proceeds. Sir Lewis began ltls Work on Punjab Custo- mart Law in 1873: in 1874 he

officiated tor the tin-t time as l'nder-Secretary to the Punjab Government ; and in 1875 he

acted ﬂ.‘ Settlement tjthcer. Rohtak. He returned to the Local Secretariat in August ot that year. and in

Sgnernhcr 1878 was appointed to 0 cute as L'iider~$ecretary in the ReVenue Dejnrtinent ol the Govern~

ment of India. He stated with the Gat'crnmcnt of India for 3}; years. and oﬂiciated for a short time as Secretarv in the Revenue Depart- ment. e was also on special duty for about five months in connection With the Bengal Rent Bill. In 1882 he returned to the Punjab. having accepted the offer of the Junior Secretaryship to Government then just created. From 1884 to 1886 he officiated as Secretary to the Punjab Government. to which t (subse. quently raised to it Chic Secretary. ship) he was permanently appointed in 1888. Meanwhile in 1886 he had begun his meoiid work. “ (lur Indian Protectorate” which applied to the Indian substitute tor International Law, that is to say. to the rules and

princtplei determining the relation: between the British Government and its Indian Feudatory States. the saint- Methods which had guided his examination of Punjab CiLsttr mnry Law. "Our Indian Protec- torate" is even more a study at the evolution ot forms 0! (lovem- rnent than an historical explanation ot the growth oi Illdlln PoliticalLaw. Sir Lewis t'ttnshed this Work while on lurlough in moo-9;, and during the same period he delivered various public lectures at the East India Association. the Indian Sectional the Society ol Arts and elsewhere. the most important paper being one on “The Study ol Indian History." ' read before the Society oI Arts. He feltide to India as Chief Secretary. Punjab. but was soon alterwards dared on special duty in the Foreign Idepartnient. which occupied him tor two years. In 1807 when again on Iurlough.§ir Lems inn-e iurther lectures on “ India and Sir Henry Elaine" and "Early Ins. titutiuns and Punjab Tribal law." On return he was appointed Commis- sioner,Rawalpiudi Division, and two tears later Financial Commissioner of the Punjab; and this post he still holds. He has been a member oi the Punjab Legislative Council (except when away from the Punjab) sinCe 1898. and (with the same exception) Vice-ChanCellor oi the Punjab University since February. 1900. He has several times been appointed an Additional )Iember of the Legislative Council of the Governor~General. and in :905 he held for six months the appointmtant of temporary Member of the Gover- nor-General‘s Council. He is Presi- dent of the Punjiih Law Society. As \’ice~Chaucellor. he hasdelivered Convocation addresses on " English Jurisprudence and Indian Studies mum" january. 190:). “Indian Constitutional Law " (Detember roozhmd “The Studyol Literature" ‘ (December. x904).

In ﬁg Sir Lewis married Jessie Catherine. daughter of Major- General Johnstorw. C3. Sir Lewis was made 3 (SJ. in my; and a K.C.I.E. in 1905.

Sir FREDERICK ROBERT I'I't‘OTI'. K.C.\'.n.. (5.1., M.Ixsi’. ('15., Chairman oi the RJIIYﬁiy’ Board. Government of India. was born. August 28th. t847. at Cul-