Page:The Complete Peerage Ed 1 Vol 2.djvu/373

 372 CORNWALL. well as the Prince, his son, recognised by the French court and their (oxiled) adherents under their former rank. On his father's death, 16 Feb. 1701, the boy's succession to the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was acknowledged by Louis XIV of France, and he was there proclaimed King. In consequence thereof (at the age of 13 !) he was attainted of high treason ! under the title of "the pretended Prince of Wales" 2 March 1703/2 (6 days before the death of his successful uncle, William III.), whereby all his honours became forfeited.^) XIX. 1714, H.R.H. George Augustus, the Prince of Great Britain, to Electoral Prince of Brunswiek-Luueburg,( b ) Duke of Cambridok, 1727. &c, became, by the accession of his father to the throne as Georoe I, on 1 Aug. 1714, DUKE OF CORNWALL,( c ) as also DUKE OF ROTHSAY, &c. [S.](d) He was 1st s. and h. ap. of King Gkoroe I, by Sophia Dorothea, only da. and h. of George William (of Brunswick- Luneburg), Dukk of Zelle ; was 6. 30 Oct. 1683, at Hanover : was el. KG. 4 April, andinv. 13 June 1706, by spec, mission (°) at Hanover, being installed (by proxy) 22 Dec. 1710 ; was cr. a Peer of Great Britain by, his cousin, Queen Anne, on 9 Nov. 1706, as BARON OF TEWKESBURY, VISCOUNT NORTHALLERTON, EARL OF MILFORD HAVEN, and MARQUESS AND DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE, becoming Duke of Cornwall, &c, as abovestated, 1 Aug. 3734. On 27 Sep. 3734 he was cr. Prince of Wales and EARL OF CHESTER,(f) with rem. to his heirs, Kings of Great Britain. He m. (») His subsequent career is a matter of history. By his adherents he was styled "King James III," though generally known (the Order of the Garter having been conferred on him in 1692 by the exiled Sovereign) as the " Chevalier de St. George." In England he was often styled " the Pretender," and, after 1745, " the old Pretender." Two celebrated risings took place, one in 3715 and the other (under his son, Charles Edward) in 1745, to restore him to the throne of his father. He m. 28 May 1719, Maria Clementina, da. of James Lewis Sobieski, Prince of Poland (by Hedwig Elizabeth, da. of Philip William, Elector Palatine), which Prince was son of John, King of Poland, the victor of the Turks. She, who was b. 6 July 1702, d. 18 Jan., 1735, at Rome. He d. there 1 Jan. 1766, aged 78. Both were bur. in St. Peter's, Rome. M.I. Their issue was but two sons, viz. (1) Charles Edward, titular King Charles III (known as "the young Pretender"), 6. 31 Dec. 1720; d. s.p. legit. 31 Jan. 1788 ; for whom see, ante, Vol. i, p. 52, under "Albany," titular Earldom of, 1766 ; (2) Henry Benedict, titular King Henry IX (known as " Cardinal York "), b. 21 March 1725 ; d. unm. 13 July 1807, aged 82, for whom see post under " York," titular Dukedom of. On the Cardinal's death, the issue of King James II became extinct. ( b ) This appears to be the more correct designation than that of " Electoral Prince of Hanover," although the latter is used in the docquet of 1706, creating the Dukedom of Cambridge. See this matter discussed at p. 230, note " b." ( c ) On this allowance Mr. Courthope adds the following note. " Until tliis time the Dukedom of Cornwall had been enjoyed [save in a few instances] by the heirs apparent of the existing heirs of the Black Prince, in accordance with the more literal construction cf the orig. limitation adopted by Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, or the more extended sense and meaning allowed to it in tha later resolution of the Privy Council ;* in such few instances where heirship in blood did not exist, or might have been con- sidered doubtful, special Acts of Pari, had been obtained. Upon the accession of the House of Brunswick, all right derived by inheritance from the Black Prince ceased and determined, and it is difficult to conceive by what title George Augustus, s. and h. ap. of King George I, became possessed of the Dukedom of Cornwall, unless we adopt the construction, still more liberal than that of the Privy Council of James I, given to the original statute (1337) in an act (1421) of Hen. V." See this act quoted ante, p. 365, note 11 e." (<") As to the Dukedom of Rothsay [S.] see p. 373, note " f." (°) See some account of these special Garter missions, sub. " Cathoart," p. 192, note "a." (0 See as to the mode of this creation, p. 231, note " a." • See p. 368, note " c " under " 1502 to 1509."