Page:The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 8).djvu/190

 180 WINOHILSEA. was a. and h. of Uie Hon, Sir Henoage Finob, of Kensington, Recorder of London {d, 6 Deo. 1631), 4th s. of Sir Moyle Finoh, Bart, by Elizabeth, er. Goumtbss of WiNOHiLSiA, and Viscountess Maidstone as afsd. Ffe was b. 1647 ; ed. at Westm., and at Oh. Gh., Oxford ; mat 26 July 1662, aged 15 ; was Student of the Inner Temple ; F.R.a, 26 Nov. 1668 ; M.P. for Great Bedwyn, 1673-78, and for Lichfiold, 1679-82 ; a Lord of the Admiralty, 1679. being Erst I^rd thereof, 1680-84, P.O. 1680 to Charles II, as also to William and Mary, Queon Anne, and George I ; Hyled Lord Finoh, from 1681 till he 9uc to Uie peerage as Karl of Naliinffham, &o., on his father's death, 16 Dec. 1682. Tho' he took no part in bringing about the Revolution,(*) he was Sec. of State to the new Sovereigns from 1689 to 1693, as also (for the North) to Queen Anne from 1702 to 1704 ; was one of the council of 9, left by Will. III. during his abnence in 1690, to advise Mary II., with whom he had great influence ;{^) was assistant L. Sewer at the coronation of Anne, 23 April 1702. In 1711, however, he joined the Whig party(°) he had hitherto opposed, his dislike to the measures of Harley and St John being, apparently, the main cause. He was one of the Lord Justices (Regents of the Realm) 1 Aug. to 18 Sep. 1714,(<*) and was L. Pkesidbnt op thb OouNOiL, 1714-16, when he retired from official life, and resided principally at his house at Burley-on-the-hill, co. Rutland.(<*) Ilaviug for 47 [!J years been known (and well known) as Earl of Nottingham, he became by the death of his second cousin, 9 Sep. 1729 (for the lust four months only of his life). Earl of JFinchiUea, &o. He m. firstly, 16 June 1674 (Lie Vic. Gen., on 12, slie about 22), Essex, 3d da. and coheir of Robert (Rioh), 8d Baul of Wauwiok, by his second wife, Anne, da. of Sir Thomas Ghuki. She d, s.p.m. 1684. He m. secondly, 29 Dec. 1685, at St. Giles' in the fields (Lie. Yio. Gen., she aged 18), Anne, 3d da. (whose issue in or soon after 1762 became sole heir) of Ohriatopher (Hatton) 1st Viscount Hatton op Gubtton, co. (*) His action at the time of the revolution is well described in his own dignified words, " My principles do not permit me to bear any part in making a King ; but, when a King has been made, my principles bind me to )>ay him on obedience moro strict that he can expect from those who have made him.*' (>>) She, however, said of him {Dalrymple III., 95) that '4t may be his formal, grave, look, deceives me." (0) On this occasion a nswspayer, called the **ihe Poei Boy,** 6 Dec. 1711, offered wittily a reward of 10s. to anyone who would " restore him to his friends." Macky (Oharaetert) says of him '* when about 50 " (ie., some ten years before this period) that *' he never made any considerable figure till the Revolution, when he zealously opposed King William's coming to the throne, yet was made Sec. of State by that Pnnce to oblige the Church, of which he sets up for a mightly champion .... He is a zealous promoter of absolute power in the state, and implicit faith in the church, to that deg^ree as hardly to be in common charity with those of more moderate principles. He hath also the exterior air of business, and application enough to make him very capable. In his habit and manners very formal ; a tall, thin, very black man, like a Spaniard, or Jew." Swift speaks of him as of *' grave, solemu deportment and countenance, and alludes to his nickname of '* ZHitnal " in his i)oem entitled, Who has 40 years let out his conscience to hire ; • * • • When once he begins, oh he never will fiinoh. But repeats the same note a whole day, like a Pinch" [the speech ending thus]. " I'll speak against peace, while DumaVs my name, And be a true Whig, while I'm Not-in-game." His portrait " after Sir S. Kneller " which looks " dismal " enough) is engraved in alluded to by Horace Walpole, and other contemporaries. Mncaulny s{>eakd of this Earl as "always upright and honourable, but a bigot and formalist." He was one of the new Tory party (not Jacobites) sometimes known as " Whimsic4ls," whoso devotion to tlie established church was greater than to hereditary right {^) See vol. iii, p. 116, note " b," iub "Devonshire," for a lidt of these. (*) He had incurred the lasting displeasure of Geo. I. by taking part in an address Feb. 1716, for mercy on the Jacobite peers, then under sentence of death.
 * 'The intended speech of a famous orator against peace, 1711."
 * ' An orator, Ditmal, of i^oMin^Aam-shire,
 * DoyU.*' The family of "the DUmaW and the "tall Black Pinches" are often