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June 26. The governor again pledged himself for the personal safety of his prisoners. June 27 (Thursday). A body of 200 armed Missourians, with their faces painted and blackened, broke into Carthage jail, and at 5 P.M. murdered, in a most cowardly and brutal manner, Mr. Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum, and desperately wounded Mr. John Taylor; Dr. Willard Richards alone escaping. Aug. 15. The Twelve Apostles, with Mr. Brigham Young at the head, assumed the Presidency of the Church, and addressed an Encyclical to "all the Saints in the world." Oct. 7. Mr. Brigham Young, the President of the Twelve Apostles, came from Boston, and succeeded to the Presidency of the Church, defeating Sidney Rigdon, who was forthwith cut off, and delivered over to the buffetings of Satan. Nov. 17. Mr. David Smith, son of the Prophet, born at the Nauvoo Mansion.

1845. The Mormon leaders determined to abandon Nauvoo. May. The capstone of the Mormon Temple was laid, and endowments began. Sept. 11. Twenty-nine Mormon houses burnt by the Gentiles. Sept. 24. The charter of Nauvoo was repealed by the State Legislature. The authorities of the Church made a treaty with the mob to evacuate the "Beautiful City" on the following spring. Several places were proposed: Vancouver's Island by Mr. John Taylor, Texas by Mr. Lyman Wight, California by others; at last they chose some valley in the Rocky Mountains (J.H.).

1846. January. Baptism for the dead was administered in the Mississippi River; on the 20th a band of Mormon pioneers left Nauvoo, and "located" at Council Bluffs, Iowa. February. The first Mormon exodus began with this month; 2000 souls crossed the frozen Mississippi en route for Council Bluffs. April 24. The exiled Saints arrived at Garden Grove, Iowa Territory. May 1. Dedication of the Temple at Nauvoo. May 16. The pioneer camp of the Saints arrived at Mount Pisgah, Iowa Territory. June–July. The Mormon battalion (500 men), on being called for by the general government, set out for the Mexican campaign. "Mr. Brigham Young sells a company of his brethren for $20,000" (J.H.). "You shall have your battalion at once, if it has to be a class of our elders," said Mr. Brigham Young (Captain H. Stansbury). Sept. 10–13. After three days of fighting the few surviving Saints were expelled from Nauvoo in a "cruel, cowardly, and brutal manner." Sept. 16. The trustees of the Church in Nauvoo made a treaty with the mob for the surrender of their city, and its immediate evacuation by the remnant of the Saints. Toward the end of this year and the beginning of the next, the Quorum of Three was reorganized at a special conference, held at Council Bluffs, Iowa, Mr. Brigham Young nominating his coadjutors. The "Twelve" delivered themselves of an epistle to the Saints, urging them to recommence the gathering.

1847. April 14. The pioneer band, 143 men, headed by Mr. Brigham Young, and driving seventy wagons, left winter quarters, Omaha Nation, on the west bank of the Missouri River, and followed Colonel Frémont's trail over the Rocky Mountains. July 23. Messrs. O. Pratt, W. Woodruff, and a few others arrived at the valley of the Great Salt Lake. July 24. Mr. Brigham Young and the main body entered the valley on this day, which became a solemn anniversary in the Church. The Mormons proceeded to lay the foundations of the city. Oct. 31. Mr. Brigham Young returned to Council Bluffs.

1848. Feb. 20. The emigration from England reopened after a suspension of two years. May. Mr. Brigham Young (whose appointment had been confirmed by a General Conference held at Kanesville, Iowa) left winter quarters the sec-