Page:The City-State of the Greeks and Romans.djvu/20

xvi CHAPTER V

Transition from Aristocracy to Democracy (Greece)

Greek history begins in the seventh century B.C., and reveals the aristocracies narrowing into oligarchies, 114. Oligarchies in collision with the people, in respect of religious, military, and legal government, 116, Discontent among the people, 120. The people in Homer and at Athens, 122. Discontent takes the form of a recurrence to the strong government of an individual, 123. The arbiter and the tyrant, 124.

Discontent at Athens at end of seventh century B.C., 125. Legislation of Draco, 126. Cylon's attempt at tyranny, 127. Epimenides' mission, 128. Material cause of discontent, 129. Solon as arbiter, 131. His reasonableness, 132. His Seisactheia, 134. His political reforms, 136. Estimate of his work, 139.

Tyranny: Herodotus' view of it, 140. Aristotle's view, 141. These views considered in the light of the facts, 143. Tyranny brought forward the people, and developed art and literature, 143; widened the horizon of Greek thought and action, 145. Polycrates as a typical example of the tyrant 147.

CHAPTER VI

The Realisation of Democracy: Athens

Athens the City-State which most nearly realised Aristotle's, 150. Pericles' description of the Athenian democracy, 151. Later opinion adverse to the democracy, 153. Pericles' view tested by the facts, 153 foll. Solonian and Periclean Athens compared, 154. Development of the democracy since Solon, 158 foll. Pisistratus, 159. Cleisthenes, 160. Final changes, 161. What the completed democracy meant at Athens, 162 foll. The people did the actual work of