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 Council of Trent"), 5 vols. (London and St. Louis, 1910-1911); contributor to: "Rome"; "American Ecclesiastical Review".

ARTICLES: English Collecb, The, in Rome; Petitions TO THE Holt See.

Crow, Very Reverend Canon Frederick Aidan, O.S.B., b. at Louth, Lincolnshire. England, 29 July, 1863. Education: King Edward's Grammar School, Louth; Ampleforth College, York; St. Michael's Priory, Hereford. Entered the Benedictine Order 1887; ordained 1895; procurator of Ampleforth Abbey 1895-1898; served missions of Benedictine Order 1898-1906; secretary to the Bishop of Newport 1906- 1911; rector of St. Mary's, Merthyr Tydvil, Wales, 1911-1912; stationed at Belmont Priory, Hereford, England, 1912-1915; at Bishop's House, Llanishen, Cardiff, Wales, 1915- ; canon of the diocese of Newport.

ARTICLE: Newport (England), Diocese of.

Crowley, Reverend Timothy J., c.s.c, b.a., Ph.D., b. at KihnaUock, Ireland, 16 January, 1880. Education: Ecole Ste. Croix, Le Vesinet near Paris; Notre Dame University, Indiana; CathoUc Univer- sity, Washington. Entered the Congregation of the Holy Cross 1902; ordained 1906; engaged in mission- ary work at Dacca, India, 1907-

ARTICLE: Asses, Feast of.

Crowley, Vert Reverend Timothy Leonard, O.P., b. at Boston, Massachusetts, 2 December, 1878. Education: Quincy School, Boston; Boston College; Dominican College, Washington. Entered the Domin- ican Order 1900; instructor in Enghsh, St. Patrick's College, Columbus, Ohio, 1903-1906; ordamed 1906; attached to St. Antoninus' s Church, Newark, New Jersey, 1906-1907; once more instructor in Enghsh, St. Patrick's College (Aquinas College since 1911), Columbus, Ohio, 1907-1912; prior, St. Louis Ber- trand's, Louisville, Kentucky, 1912-. Author of "Songs, Sonnets and Essays" (in collaboration with Reverend D. L. Crowley, ll.d.) (1912); has contrib- uted poems to: "Sacred Heart Review"; "Rosary Magazine"; "Catholic Columbian". ARTICLE: Albertini, Nicol6.

Crowley, William J., b. in Boston, Massachusetts, August, 1864. Education: pubhc and high schools, Boston. Entered publishing house of D. Appleton and Company at an early age, in charge of various departments up to 1902; president. New Netherlands Publishmg Company, New York, 1902-1905; at present sales manager. The Encyclopedia Press, Inc. One of the organizers and directors of the Robert Appleton Company, Inc. for the pubUcation of "The Cathohc Encyclopedia", 1905. Member of the Holy Name Society and Knight of Columbus.

Crowne, J. Vincent, a.M:, ph.n.

ARTICLES: Bagshaw, Chbistopher; Baldeeic, or Batjdhy, Bishop of Dol; Barbour, John; Barclay, John; Barrow, John; Bassett, Joshua; Bedingfield, Frances; Benedict, of Peterborough, Abbot; Boece, Hector; Bradshaw, Henry; Brinkley, Stephen; Brookes, James, Bishop op Gloucester; C^DMON, Saint.

Cudahy, Michael, former director "The Catholic Encyclopedia".

CuUen, John Baptist, writer, b. at New Ross, Co. Wexford, Ireland, 27 September, 1846. Educa- tion: Clongowes Wood CoUege, Ireland. Engaged in literary pursuits and historical research; resident at Dublin. Member of the Royal Society of Antiqua- ries of Ireland. Author of pamphlets for the CathoUc Truth Society of Ireland; "The Life of Venerable Mother Javouhey", translation from the French; contributor of articles on Irish history, hagiology, and art to: "Irish Ecclesiastical Record ;

"Irish Messenger of the Sacred Heart"; local papers of Counties Wexford and Meath; various American Catholic periodicals.

ARTICLES: Eimhim, Saint; Eithne, Saint (2); Eustace, Saint; Eustace, Maurice; Holy Cross Abbey.

Cummings, Reverend Thomas Francis, a.b., D.D., b. at Worcester, Massachusetts, 30 March, 1873. Education: grammar and high schools and Holy Cross CoUege, Worcester; Grand Seminary, Montreal, Canada; Minerva, and Propaganda, P^ome. Ordained 1898; assistant at St. Francis Church, Torrington, Connecticut, 1900-1905, at Holy Cross Church, Holyoke, Massachusetts, 1905-1912, and at the cathedral, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1912-

ARTICLE: Springfield, Diocese of.

Cunningham, Reverend Joseph Andrew, of the Society of St. Joseph for Forcing Missions, b. in Dalton-in-Furness, 16 November, 1865. Education: preparatory studies at Kelvedon, Essex, England; St. Joseph's College, Mill Hill, London. Pro- fessor at Freshfield College near Liverpool, 1887- 1889^ entered the Society of St. Joseph for Foreign Missions 1880; ordained 1889; missionary in India, successively rector, St. Thomas's College, Murree, and military chaplain, Peshawar, North India, 1889-1912; stationed at Cloakham House, Axminster, England, 1912-1914; at St. Joseph's College, Mill HiU, London, 1914-. Author of: "A Clerical ChrysaUs"; "Reflections of Colonel W. Pegh"; "A Simple Catechism for North India"; contributor to Cathohc periodicals.

ARTICLE: Kafihistan and Kashmir, Prefecture Apos- tolic OF.

Cunningham, Reverend William M., b. at SUgo, Ireland, 1862. Education: St. Edmund's College, Ware, England; St. Thomas's Seminary, Hammersmith, London. Ordained 1886; formerly engaged in parish work at Arundel, Sussex, and Bermondsey, London, England; rector. Church of St. Thomas of Canterbury, Sevanoaks, Kent, England, 1892- ; assistant inspector of schools (1898-1908) and secretary and chancellor (1908-1909), diocese of Southwark, London; rector, church of St. Thomas of Canterbury, Sevenoaks, England, 1909- ; hono- rary secretary, treasurer and editor of the "Book Lists", St. Anselm's Society. Founder (1891) and editor (1891-1896) of "PastoraUa"; built new church at Sevenoaks, 1896; editor of "St. Anselm's Review", 1897-1900. Author of " Horailetical Sermon Sketches on the Sunday Epistles" (London, 1895).

ARTICLE: Southwark, Diocese of.

Curley, Charles F., a.b., ll.b., lawyer. Educa- tion: Georgetown University; Harvard University. Practising lawyer, resident at Wilmington, Delaware.

ARTICLE: Delaware.

Curran, Hon. John Joseph, b.c.l., ll.d., k.c, b. at Montreal, Canada, 22 February, 1842, son of Charles Curran, of Co. Down, and Sarah Kennedy, of Co. Wexford, Ireland, and brother of Brother Noah, p.s.c; d. at Montreal, 1 October, 1909. Education: St. Mary's College, Montreal; St. Joseph's College, Ottawa, Canada; McGill University, Mont- real. Admitted to the Bar 1863; married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Patrick Brennan, of Montreal, 1865; Queen's Counsel of Quebec 1878, and of Canada 1881; member for Montreal Centre of the Canadian House of Commons (three terms) 1882-1895; professor and vice-dean, law Faculty, Ottawa University, Ottawa, 1892; at various times: one of the directors of the "True Witness" Pubhshing Company, Fire Commissioner of Montreal, and Secretary of the Crown for the ConsoUdation of the General Statistics of Quebec; Solicitor General of Canada successively under the Thompson and BoweU ministries, 1892-