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 "Catholic World"; "Donahoe's Magazine"; "Catho- lic Times"; associate editor The Catholic Ency- clopedia.

ARTICLES: Abbadie, Antoine d'; Abbreviations, Eccle- siastical; Abdbra; Abila; Absalon of Lund; Abydus; Acan- thus; AcHERv, Lucas d*; Achrida; Acmonia; Acquaviva; Acton, John; Acton, John Francis Edward; Adda, Ferdi- NANDo d': Aden, Vicariate Apostolic of; Adeodatds (672- 676), Saint, Pope; Ad Limina Apostolorum; Aegidius of Vi- TERBo; AfiTius; Agapetds; Agathangelus; Agathias; Agde, Council of; Agnellus of Ravenna; Agram; Agria; Aix-en- Provence, Councils of; Akominatos, Michael; Alabanda; Alalis; Albani; Alberic of Monte Cabsino; Albert, Saint; Albert of Aachen; Albert of Stade; Albi, Council of; Albinus; Alciati, Andrea; Alexander; Alexander I, Saint, Pope; Alexandria, Councils of; Allen, John; Allot, Wil- liam; Almeria, The Diocese of; Altamura and Acquaviva; Alzog, Johann Baptist; Amasia; Amastris; Amathus; Amende Honorable; Amico, Antonio; Amisus; Amorios; Amort, Eusebius; Amoy, Vicariate Apostolic of; Amphilocius op Iconium; Amphilocius op Sida; Amyclae; Anastasiopolis; Anastasius Sinaita; Anazarbus; Ancyra, Councils of; An- derson, Lionel Albert; Andr^, Bernard; Anemurium; An- gola and Congo; Angra, Diocese of; Anna Comnena; Anse, Councils of; Ante^ius, Saint, Pope; Anthony of Sienna; Antipatris; Antiphellos; Anton, IJlrich; Antonelli, Nicol6 Maria; Antonius; Antwerp; Apameia; Apt, Council of; Aqui- leia; Arabia, Councils of; Arabissus; Arab; Aranda, Coun- cil of; Araucania, Prefecture Apostolic of; Arcadiopolis; Arcae; Archelais; Aremberg, Prince Charles d'; Areopolib; Arethas of CiEBAREA; Arethuba; Ar^valo, Faustino; Ar^- VALO, Rodriguez Sanchez; Argentrie, Charles du Plessis d'; Argos; Ariassub; Arindela, See of; Arles, The Synods of; Arnobius; Arnold; Arnulf of Lisieux; Arras, Councils of; Arsinob; Ascalon; Abia Minor; Aske, Robert; Aspendub; AspiLCUETA, Martin; Assam, The Prefecture Apostolic of; Abbur; Asterius; Aston; Astorqa, Diocebe of; Astros, Paul- THl^RfesE-DAVlD d'; Athos, Mount; Atrib; Attalia; At- ' TALiATES, Michael; Attigny, Councils of; Atto; Atto op Pistoia; Atto op Vercelli; Attuda; Aubarede, Jean-Michel- d'Astorg; Aubermont, Jean-Antoine d'; Auch, Councils of; Aufseeb, Jobst Bernhard von; Augilae; Augusta; Augus- TiNES, Antonius; Augustopohs; Aunarius, Saint; Aureliop- OLis; Austin, John; Autocephali; Autun, Councbls of; AuxENTius; AuxERRE, COUNCILS OF; Avignon, Councils of; AviLA, Diocese of; Avitus, Saint; Avranches, Council of; Axum; Aylward, James Ambrose Dominic; Azaria, Aribtaceb; AzoTUS; B^UMER, Suitbert; Bagamoyo, Vicariate Apostolic of; Balbinus, Boleslaub; Banns of Marriage; Benedictub PoLONus; Bernard of Cluny; Bianconi; Borromeo, Federico; Bridgewateh, John; C^bahius of Arles, Saint; Cahier, Charles; Cajetan, Constantino; California, Lower, Vicari- ate Apostolic of; Canons, Apostolic; Canobsa; Capranica, DoMENico; Caroline Books; Carvajal, Bernardino Lopez de; Carvajol, Juan, Cardinal; Catalani, Giuseppe; Cat- ena; Celestine II, Pope; Celestine III, Pope; Celebtine IV, Pope; Cemeteries, Early Roman Christian; Charle- magne; Chieregati, Francesco; Ciampini, Giovanni Giub- tino; Clement V; Commissions; Constance, Council of; Constantinople, Councils of; Cordova, Diocebe of; Dam- ASUs I; Dignitary; Severus Alexander; Thomas Abel, Bles- sed.

Sbanahan, Veky Revebend Edmund Thomas, A.B., Ph.D., J.C.L., S.T.D., theologian, b. at Boston, 22 November, 1868; son of Michael F. and Ellen M. Shanahan. Education: Boston College 1888; Propaganda, Rome, 1893; Roman Seminary, 1895; and Roman Academy, 1895; Louvain University, Belgium, 1895. Ordained 1893. Instructor of philoso- phy and dogmatic theology, American College, Rome, 1894^1895; associate professor of philosophy, 1895- 1901; professor of dogmatic theology since 1898, dean of faculty of theology since 1901, CathoHc University of America. Lecturer before American Society Extension of University Teaching, Philadelphia, 1897, University of Pennsylvania, 1898-1899. Con- tributor to "Dictionary of Philosophy and Psy- chology'', etc.

ARTICLE: Agnosticism.

Shanley, Right Reverend John, d.d., b. at Albion, New York, 4 January, 1852; d. 16 July, 1909; son of John and Nancy (McLean) Shanley; removed to St. Paul, 1857; student, College of the Propaganda, Rome, 1869-1874. Ordained, Rome, 1874; assistant, 1874^1875, and pastor, 1875-1889, Cathedral of St. Paul, Minnesota; consecrated, Bishop of Fargo, 27 December, 1889.

ARTICLE: Fargo, Diocese of.

Shanley, Reverend Walter James, ll.d., b. at New Haven, Connecticut, 12 June, 1855. Education:

St. Charles College, ElMcott City, and St. Mary's Seminary, Emmitsburg, Maryland, classmate of Bishop Monaghan of Wilmington. Ordained 1880; rector of the cathedral, Hartford, Connecticut, 1894- 1905; at present, irremovable rector, St. Peter's Church, Danbury. President of: Catholic Total Abstinence Union of Connecticut, 1898-1902, Catho- lic Total Abstinence Union of America, 1902-1904, Catholic Young Men's National Union, 1904-1906; vice-president of Catholic Educational Association, 1907-1912. Author of "Story of Lourdes", pam- phlet.

ARTICLE: Temperance Movements in the United States AND Canada.

Shaimahan, Very Reverend William Patrick, b. at Muscatine, Iowa, 2 February, 1870. Educa- tion: St. Ambrose CoUege, Davenport; St. Paul Seminary, St. Paul Minnesota; Cathohc University, Washington, D. C. Ordained 1899; professor of phUosophy (1900-1907) and president (1907-1915), St. Ambrose College, Davenport; pastor, St. Patrick's Church, Iowa City, la., 1915-

ARTICLE: Davenport, Diocese of.

Shannon, Very Reverend James J., vicar- general, diocese of Peoria. ARTICLE: Peoria, Diocese of.

Sharpe, Reverend Alfred Bowyeb, m.a., b. at HaKord Bridge, Warwickshire, England, 1851. Education: Westminster School, London; Christ Church, Oxford; Beda College, Rome. Successively AngUcan vicar of St. Agnes's, Newmarket, England, rector of St. Clement's, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and vicar of St. Peter's, VauxhaU, London, 1876- 1898; became a Cathohc 1898; ordained 1900; former rector of St. Mary's Church, Horseferry Road, London; chaplain of the Daughters of the Cross, Carshalton, London, 1905-1908; member of the Cathohc Missionary Society; resident at Brondesbury Park, London, 1909-. Member of the Union Club. Author of: "Principles of Christianity"; "Mysticism, Its True Nature and Value", 2 eds.; "Theism and Pantheism"; "Freedom of the Will"; "Evil, Its Nature and Cause"; "Authority in Behef", Westminster Lecture Series; "Spectrum of Truth" (in collaboration with Dr. Francis Aveling).

ARTICLES: Common Sense, Philosophy of; Doubt; Euse- bius OF Doryl^um; Evil; Pessimism; Richard of St. Victor.

Shebbeare, Reverend Wilfrid George Alphege, O.S.B., b. at Bromley, Kent, England, 19 April, 1875. Education: Blackheath School, Black- heath, England. Organist to the Cowley Fathers, Oxford, England, 1899-1905; became a Cathohc 1905; musical director, Downside Abbey, Bath, England, 1905-1908; joined the Community at Downside 1908. ARTICLES: Cantor; Choir.

Sheedy, Reverend Morgan M., ll.d., b. at Liscarroll, Co. Cork, Ireland, 8 October, 1853. Education: St. Cohnan's College, Fermoy and May- nooth CoUege, Dubhn, Ireland, under Dr. Russell. I Ordained and appointed professor of theology and history, St. Michael's Seminary, Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, 1876; at present, rector of the cathedral, Altoona, Pennsylvania. Established a school, hall, and free library for young men in Pittsburg; has lectured at the Champlain Summer School and at the First Session of the Cathohc Winter School, New Orleans, Louisiana; founder of the Pittsburg Poly- technic Society; first president of the Catholic Summer School of America; former vice-president, Cathohc Total Abstinence Union. Member of the Writers' Club, Pittsburg; chairman of the Board of Directors, Reading Circle Union; member of the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society, etc. Author of: "Christian Unity"; "Social Problems"; "Briefs of