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 314 Later Magazines financial, the house of Putnam sold it after two years, and after three years of deterioration under another management it was merged with Emerson's Magazine, which itself died soon after. Putnam's Magazine, sometimes referred to as a revival of the older Putnam's Monthly Magazine, began publication in January, 1868. R. H. Stoddard, E. C. Stedman, and Bayard Taylor were connected with the editorial staff, but the list of contributors was hardly as impressive as that of the former Putnam's. According to the frank statement of the publishers this magazine did not pay, and after three years it was merged with the newly founded Scribner's Monthly. In 1906 a third Putnam's made its appearance, this time Putnam's Monthly and The Critic. The last half of the title was retained from an older periodical which was merged in the new. It was a semi- popular, illustrated, bookish journal which lasted with some changes-of name until 1910. The Galaxy, an Illustrated Magazine of Entertaining Reading was published in New York from 1866 to 1878. Among con- tributors to the first volume were William Dean Howells, Henry James, Stedman, Stoddard, Bayard Taylor, Anthony TroUope, William Winter, Phoebe Gary, and C. G. Leland. As might be inferred from the subtitle, the Galaxy devoted much space to fiction, yet its quality may be indicated by the fact that when it died its subscription list went to The Atlantic Monthly. In Philadelphia, Sartain's Union Magazine of Literature and Art ran its brief course from 1849 to 1852. The proprietor, John Sartain, was one of the greatest of American mezzotint engravers, and the artistic excellence of the plates issued with the magazine may have helped to arouse interest in periodi- cal illustrations of high grade; but the development of later magazine illustration did not lie in the direction of mezzotints. Lippincott's Magazine of Literature, Science, and Education, founded in 1868, was at first a fairly solid general magazine, without illustrations. In the competition toward the close of the century it adopted a popular form, with many pictures and a complete novelette in each issue, and boasted in its prospec- tus: "It offers no problems to solve, has no continued stories to hinder, and appeals to you just when you want it. " Many cities of the South and of the West have had their