Page:The Building News and Engineering Journal, Volume 22, 1872.djvu/414

 392 THE BUILDING NEWS. May 17, 1872. per B, Fig. 115, which heel must be set firmly upon a solidly-laid block of stone, so that there may be no chance of the iron pipe sinking. If the pipe goes up against the wall it ought to be well hold-fasted also; but if a raggle or recess has been left in wall for it, orif it goes up ina corner, then, instead of holdfast, a strong block of wood about 3in. or 4in. thick, and about 18in. or so long, and Win. or 12in. broad, as the case may be, with round hole cut in it large enough to allow pipe to be-slipped down through it should be got, and set into space, and rest cut for it in wall as per C, Fig. 115, the pipe resting upon its faucit as shown. When, however, the Jength of iron pipe has flanged branch upon it, as per X, Fig. 113, then, instead of resting upon its faucit as shown at D, Fig. 114, it is supported as shown at KE, Fig. 113; a pair of strong iron clamps, Fig. 116, being put on, and screwed up so as to grasp pipe firmly, and at same time be allowed to rest upon wooden block. Instead of wooden block a malleable iron plate about lin. thick or so, with hole cut in its centre to fit pipe, may be used. The length and breadth of this plate must, of course, be regulated according to its site. In many cases about 18in. X 10in. may dofora 44in. iron pipe, or with thicker plate less breadth will serve. The slipped joints of these pipes, as per F, Fig. 118, may be made with red-lead and hemp; or stronger still, by stuffing joint partly with bemp and then running in lead ; some, again, make rust joints. Whatever plan is adopted, the great point is to see both that it is well done, and that it also thoroughly answers the purpose. These strong iron pipes Fie.dl2 Fic. N4 have been largely used of late for the main upright soil-pipe in many houses, especially where hot water is used, and I consider it quite right to do so. As lead, however, is still largely used, not only for the branches, but also for the main upright pipes, we must now refer to the way in which they are fitted ap. Lead soil-pipes should not be made of lead less than 6lb. per square foot at the very least, while Slb. lead, or heavier, is used for good work. These often require repairs and renewal from three causes: From being put up of too light lead at first, from being too slimly fixed up, and from corrosion, the latter being often in great measure owing to the want of proper ventilation. We cannot do with lead as with iron, for where, as in Fig. 115, the heeled boot B, if solidly fixed and not afterwards interfered with, may always of itself be trusted to support a high superincumbent stalk of iron pipe above it, yet such could not be done with lead, the material being too soft ; Ets own weight would crush it. To obviate this an upright lead soil-pipe must be well supported all up its entire length, every few feet being supported, as it were, indepen- dently of the rest. The old style used to be to solder on lead hands of the same weight of lead as the pipe, ent out at about 5in. or Gin. broad and about 20m. or so long, as per G, Fig. 117, these bands being put on every 3ft. or so. In this case the pipes lay flat, or rather close against the wall. But when the pipe either goes up in the raggle left for it in wall, or up a corner, then wooden blocks are used, as mentioned above for iron pipes. For lead pipes these wooden blocks are generally put in one at every 6ft., or, better still, one every 4ft. or so. If the or tray placed under trunk of water-closet. soil-pipes are hand-made they may be cut out | It enters, as it ought to do, below surface of inlengths from 6ft. to 7ft. 9in., according to breadth of lead sheet. Or, as is sometimes done, they may be made in lengths about 12ft. or 14ft. long, to suit the height of the various flats in house. In other cases seamless or machine-made pipes are used in lengths as got from lead-works. Fig. 118 gives an idea of ar Fie. lg 44in. lead soil-pipe, as put up in ragegle left for it in wall of a two-flatted house, with 2in. or 2}in. ventilating pipe, H, carried out to roof, II being the syphon-traps of two water-closets, J J J J wooden blocks resting on wall and supporting soil-pipe. K is board for ventilating pipe. L lead flange put on soil-pipe where it enters drain. M is pipe put in to lead water off from the lead “safe” ‘soil-pipe affects the syphon-traps. water in trap. N is the same safe-pipe, putin asit ought not to be, above surface of water in trap. It often proves a nuisance, and has to be altered when so done. Another plan of connecting safe-pipe is to let it have a small 1jin. or 2in, syphon-trap for itself joined on to outlet of water-closet trap, as at O. This latter plan provides for the safe carrying away of water when water-closet is choked up, only it must be remembered that, tokeep this small syphon-trap of safe from drying up, a small din. pipe must be led into it from water-closet service -pipe, so that every time the water-closet is used a little water runs into safe trap. P is a small ventilating pipe, say, of 5lb., fin. patent lead pipe ; I have put it in here because I have found that even with the ventilating pipe H in on top of perpen- dicular soil-pipe, foul air or gas is apt to gather at Q, and in process of time it eats through pipe there. I saw an instance of this a few weeks ago, where the action of the gas on pipe appeared as if some one’s finger had been thrust through pipe from within. The people in house complained of a very bad smell occurring at times, and this hole, eaten through pipe at Q, was the cause of it. Instead of putting in this small ventilating pipe as per P, Fig. 118, it may with advantage be put in as per PP, Fig. 113, in which latter case, when the large and small yentilat- ing pipes carried out to roof are placed at different levels, there is a chance of air-cur- rent setting in. Another cause of bad smell in houses where the ventilating pipe, H, is Fig HT ws Fig. W6é / not put in is the rush of water from water- closets dragging out the water from bath syphon-trap R. Or, where no bath exists, using the closets themselves in an unyentilated Where the bath trap is at some distance from main soil pipe it ought to have a ventilating pipe for itself. While I am on the subject of the ventilation of soil-pipes, I may be allowed to express my sorrow and surprise at reading the following statement in connection with the plumbér-work of Sandringham House in a recent number * of such a largely-read and popular work as Cassell’s ‘“‘ Technical Edu- cator ’—yiz. :—‘ Every soil-pipe should have a yentilating-pipe from its topmost point, communicating with the external air, of not less than two inches in diameter, and then the pipe itself becomes as it were the flue by which the remainder of the system with which it is connected is ventilated; and in some eases this is so completely carried out, where unusual care is required, that the space between the bottom of the valve and the water in an ordinary valve-closet has a small air-pipe running into the ventilating soil-pipes. We may mention Sandringham House as an instance of the adoption of this precaution.” ‘ Precaution,” it says! This was anything but a ‘precaution:” it was simply the erection of a channel by which the inmates of Sandringham House might be slowly poisoned ; and, if the above statement be correct, instead of laying the blame of the recent illness of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales upon Londesborough House, may it not have on March 7th.
 * It was at page 272 of No. 69, Vol. IIL, which came out