Page:The Building News and Engineering Journal, Volume 22, 1872.djvu/330

 312 THE BUILDING NEWS. Apri 19, 1872 chrome, and Indian red. The ground colour is laid inas before, and black and transparent white is then sponged in, and we then splash in a lighter and brighter colour of the same tone as the ground colour, and follow on with small spots of solid white. There is also a rich dark green porphyry which may be imitated in the same manner, using shades of green on an inyisible green ground with Indian red spots instead of vermilion. The writer of this series of articles, having now concluded his labours, feels that he cannot part with his readers without a word of expla- nation. There may appear to some of ourreaders a want of minute detail in the description of some of the decorative processes treated of in these articles. ‘This is so to a certain extent, and is, indeed, a necessary consequence of their being published in the form and place in which they have appeared, for it will be at once evident that the minute detail of the manipulation of certain processes would not be interesting to a great number of the readers of the Burmprnc News, while their absence would be asource of regret to others, It has, therefore, been our aim in writing these articles to make them as generally in- teresting as the nature of the subject would allow, and at the same time to include as much practical information as possible, and to this end we have been exceedingly careful to set down nothing or no process but such as we haye verified by our own personal and prac- tical experience. The result has been very gratifying, inasmuch as we have not had one single statement questioned during the long course which these articles have run. We intend to revise these articles, and add to them when necessary a mass of minute detail, by which means we hope to produce a technical manual of house decorations and processes of a thoroughly practical nature, FINIS, ———»—-_ PLUMBING.—VIII. (Continued from page 274.) EFORE leaving the roof there are several things that must be referred to. At p- 199 L, Fig. 29, shows the manner in which a flat covered with lead has the lead bent over edge of flat. There is another way in which it is sometimes done, although [ cannot express entire approval of it, es- pecially where it breaks in upon the line of ridge by projecting beyond it. This style, in contrast to Figs. 23 and 24, page 199, is done by fixing on a wooden roll to front edge of flat, as per Fig. 77, A being wooden roll, the dotted line B being lead flashing put on before A, and dotted line C being lead of flat, which is bent around wooden roll as shown. The lead rolls in this case, while formed as per Fig. 27, p. 199, instead of being bent over as per MN, Fig. 30, p. 199, are of course bent around wooden roll as per D, Fig. 78. ‘The size of wooden roll A, Fig. 77, is about 24in. or 24in. deep, and it projects out about 2in. Wehave referred to gutters,sques flashings, flanks, ridges, and flats on roof, and we shall add a few words about hatches and windows. ‘The simplest form of hatch on roof is known as the sliding-hatch, of which Fig. 79 shows section. All the plumber-work required about it is the piece of lead, or zine, E, along its top, and the sole, F, along its bottom. E will be about 10in. broad, and if hatch be 18in. wide E will be 2ft. 6in. long. F will be about 18in. broad, and about the same length as E. Another form of hatch is that with hinged lid, of which Fig. 80 shows longitudinal section, with lid G partially open, the dotted lines H H being lead flash- ings. If we suppose the daylight of this hatch to be 18in. wide and 2ft. Gin. long, then, as the wooden frame is about Sin. deep and 2in. thick, its breadth over all will be 22in., and its length oyer all, 2ft. 10in. The lead for this has to be cut out in four pieces, the breadth of all being Gin. + 3in. + Qin. = llin., and the length of bottom piece, I, Fig. 81, 22in. + Gin. + Gin. = 2ft. 10in. The length of two side pieces J J, Fig. 81, is each 2ft. 10in. + Tin. = 3ft. 5in., and the length of top piece K, Fig. 81, 22in. + 74in. + Thin. = 3ft. lin. The top piece of lead, K, is cut out longer than the bottom piece, I, because the former has to be wrought down and around the top corners of frame as far as L, Fig. 81, the dotted line above L show- ing the position and amount of overlap which the top piece K has over the two side- pieces J J, the dotted line being top of J, and showing how far the side piece, J, goes up under the top piece, K. MM, Fig. 81, again show how the two side pieces J J overlap the bottom piece I, the two side- pieces at bottom being worked around lower corners of frame something similar to the way in which top piece K is wrought round upper corners. After lead has been cut out, as above stated, the plumber first sets it up as per Fig. 82, in this case allowing 3in. + 2in. = Sin. for upstand. If it be a slated roof, a board about jin. thick has to be put temporarily in front of bottom of hatch- frame, so as to allow for thickness of slates, just as was previously mentioned for berges, at p. 95, Feb. 2nd. The lead being set up as per Fig. 82, is put against frame, as per Fig. 85, and then dressed over, as per Fig. 84, two or three nails being put in as at N, Fig. 84, to hold it. Of course, as will be seen from Fig. 81, which shows perspective view of hatch with the lead on, the bottom-piece, I, has to be put on first, and simply cut away at the corners as per dotted lines above MM. The two sides are then put on,and last of all the top. After this the wooden ‘ doubling” has to be put along top, as per QO, Fig. 85, and down sides, as far as P P, Fig. 81. Such is the manner of putting lead around this sort of hatch, and if zinc is to be used it may also be done in same manner, except that instead of working the zine round the corners in the same way as with lead, the zinc has to be cut at the corners, pieced, and soldered. It is only the top and bottom pieces that require piecing and soldering, and said soldering, &c., is to be done on each piece per se. Owing to the way bottom piece of zine is made and slipped up, the sides J J, Fig. 81, when zinc is used, instead of being each 3ft. 5in. long, as above shown for lead, need only be 2ft. 10in. long, or the same length as frame, as per Fig. 86, where the two sides Q Q are seen to extend from R to §, the dotted line at R showing how far the side-piece Q is slipped up under top piece T, and the other dotted line near S, show- ing how far bottom-piece U, Fig. 86, is slipped up under side-pieces QQ. In setting up bottom-piece U, if roof is to be slated, the plumber must remember to allow jin. or so for the thickness of slates which are to go under U. ‘This bottom-piece U is only fitted in temporarily at first, until slates are put on, so that slater may lift it out to get his slates nailed, for zine cannot be bent up and down in the same easy manner as lead. After theslater has finished, the bottom-piece, U, is slipped up and nailed to frame in the same way as for lead at N, Fig. 84, and as per V V, Fig. 86. Ans Thave been thus particular in explaining the modes of putting lead and zine round this latter form of hatch because the principle in it is in great measure the same as that in use for many skylight windows, there being only alittle difference in detail, such as that the wooden frame may be higher and broader (which, by the way, may also be the case with hatches), the tops and sides may be longer and deeper, &c., and also, in the ease of windows, the lead is allowed to come over on glass (unless in the case of movable win- dows) about jin, at top and sides; and at bottom it goes up under glass according to shape of frame, so as to catch the condensed water which runs down inside glass, and, by carrying it outside, thus prevent it running