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 NOTES TO THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE COURTIER 1527 he joined the league of Italian princes against Charles V, but went over to the Emperor's side two years later, and was created Duke of Mantua. In 1531 he married Margarita Paleologus. Both Giulio Romano and Benvenuto Cellini were in his employ. Note 464, page 280. These lines were written after Ottaviano Fregoso's elec- tion as Doge of Genoa; see note 11. Note 465, page 281. In an earlier MS. version, my lady Emilia continues: " ' And even if it were so, I do not see how he is on that account set above the Court Lady.' The Magnifico Giuliano said: 'We regard the Lady as the equal of the Courtier, and according to my lord Ottaviano, the Courtier is superior to the Prince; therefore the Court Lady comes to be superior to the Prince.'" Note 466, page 284. Phoenix appears in the Iliad as appointed by Peleus to superintend the education of the latter's son Achilles Note 467, page 284. Aristotle was summoned (342 B.C.) to undertake the education of Alexander, who was then thirteen years old, and whom no one had thus far been able to control. The philosopher's training continued unin- terruptedly for four years, included instruction in poetry, rhetoric, philosophy, physics, and medicine, — and is said to have had beneficial effect upon the future conqueror's character Note 468, page 285. Stagira lay on the easterly side of the Chalcidic penin- sula. Philip had destroyed it in his Olynthian campaign of 348 B.C., but rebuilt it at Aristotle's request and caused a gymnasium to be erected there, in a shady grove, for the use of the philosopher and his pupils, among whom was Alexander. Note 469, page 285. Plutarch expressly affirms that Alexander's policy, of uniting all the nations under his sway into a single people, was not founded on Aristotle's advice, as indeed an examination of the latter's political theories would seem to prove. Note 470, page 285. The Bactrians were an Aryan people dwelling on the upper Oxus, in what is now Afghanistan. They were conquered in 327 B.C. by Alexander, -who married Roxana, the daughter of one of their princes. In ancient times the inhabitants of northern and eastern Europe and Asia were called Scythians. Note 471, page 285. Callisthenes was a cousin and fellow pupil of Alex- ander's. On Aristotle's recommendation, Alexander took Callisthenes with him on his Asiatic expedition of 334 B.C., but, exasperated by his young kins- man's plain-spoken disapproval of his conduct, had Callisthenes put to death. Note 472, page 285. Dio, (born about 408; died about 354 B.C.), was an 414