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 NOTES TO THE THIRD BOOK OF THE COURTIER until 1736. He waged an unsuccessful war with Selim I of Turkey, the son and successor of Bajazet II, and died while on a pilgrimage to his own father's tomb. His subjects revered him as a saint. Note 337, page 174. The 'Lady whom I know' is of course the Duchess. Note 338, page 175. Pygmalion will be remembered as the legendary sculptor-king of Cyprus, who fell in love with an ivory statue that he had made of a beautiful girl, and prayed to Aphrodite to breathe life into it. His prayer being granted, he married the girl, who was called Galatea. 7' Note 339, page 181. The opinions here ascribed to Plato, are found in the Fifth Book of his " Republic,'' but seem to have undergone serious change when he wrote his " Laws." Note 340, page 182. The comparative merits of man and woman were much discussed in Greek antiquity and during the Renaissance, and form the sub- ject of a copious literature in which Castiglione's contribution occupies no unimportant place. Note 341, page 184. The reference here is to a fragment of the so-called Orphic Hymns, beginning: "Jove the End, Jove the Beginning, Jove the Middle, all things are of Jove: Jove Male, Immortal Virgin Jove." In this and other respects the theogony to which the name of Orpheus is attached, is closely related to the most ancient religious systems of India. Note 342, page 185. The author probably refers to Aristotle's Tenth Problem. Note 343, page 188. The reference here is doubtless to Jerome's 54th Epistle (on Widowhood), and to his first tract against Jovinianus, both written about 394 A.D. He was born in what is now the Hungarian town of Stridon about 340, and died in a monastery at Bethlehem 420 A.D. Perhaps his best re- membered work is the Vulgate or Latin translation of the Bible. Note 344, page 189. " If not chastely, then discreetly." Note 345, page 190. Octavia, (born 70; died 11 B.C.), was a great-niece of Julius Caesar, and became the second wife of the triumvir Mark Antony for the purpose (ultimately vain) of cementing the alliance between him and her brother Augustus. Her beauty, accomplishments and virtues proved unavailing against the wiles of Cleopatra, who induced Antony to divorce her. After Antony's death, she remained true to the interests of his children, includ- ing those by his first wife and by Cleopatra. Through the two daughters that she bore to Antony, she became the grandmother of the Emperor Claudius, and great-grandmother of his predecessor Caligula and of his successor Nero. 388