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 NOTES TO THE SECOND BOOK OF THE COURTIER Note 248, page 140. Marcantonio Colonna, (died 1522), the son of Pier- antonio Colonna and Bernardina Conti, was a second cousin of Vittoria Colonna. His wife Lucrezia Gara della Rovere was a niece of Julius II and sister of the Cardinal Galeotto della Rovere already mentioned (at page 122; see note i8g). In 1502 he fled from Rome to escape the persecution of the Borgias, repaired to the kingdom of Naples, and took service under the "Great Captain." He served also in the armies of Julius II, Maximilian I, and Francis I, and took part in nearly all the wars of his time. He was cited as a model of physical beauty and martial prowess. Note 249, page 141. DiEGO Garzia is regarded by the Spanish annotator, Fabi^, as identical with the famous warrior Diego Garcia de Paredes, (born 1466; died 1530), who began the life of a soldier at the age of twelve, and had a brilliant share, with the " Great Captain," in the expulsion of the Moors from Spain and later in the Italian campaigns. He was a man of great height and strength, and is said on one occasion to have stopped the wheel of a rapidly moving wind-mill with his single hand. Charles V made him a Knight of the Golden Spur, and he is often called the Chevalier Bayard of Spain. Note 250, page 141. LOUIS XII, (born 1462; died 1515), was the son of Duke Charles d'Orleans and Anne of Cleves. He accompanied Charles VIII into Italy in 1494, became king on his cousin's death in 1498, and the following year married Charles's widow Anne of Brittany. In 1500 he expelled Duke Ludo- vico Sforza of Milan, to whose duchy he laid claim as the grandson of Valen- tina Visconti. The following year he conquered Naples in alliance with Ferdinand the Catholic, but quarrelled with his ally over the division of the country, with the result that his force was defeated by the " Great Captain " at Garigliano in 1503, and withdrew from Naples in 1504. He joined the League of Cambray against Venice in 1508, but in 1511 the Holy League was formed against him, and in 1513 the French were again compelled to leave Italy. On the death of Anne of Brittany in 1514, he married Mary, the youthful sister of Henry VIII of England, to whom in dying (i January 1515) he is reported to have said: "Dear, I leave thee my death as a New Year's gift." He was sin- cerely regretted by his subjects, and was known as "The Father of His People." Michelet says of him: " He was a good man, honest by nature, sometimes ab- surd, indiscreet, talkative, testy; but he had a heart, and the only way for men to flatter him was to persuade him that they desired the good of his subjects." Among his sayings was "Good king, stingy king; I prefer to be ridiculous to my courtiers, than deaf to my people." Note 251, page 141. DJEM or ZIZIM, (born 1459; died 1495), was a son of Mahomet II, the conqueror of Constantinople. On the death of his father in 1481, he tried to dispossess his brother as sultan, but being defeated, he sought refuge at Rhodes, where the Knights of the Order of St. John received him for a while, and then sent him to France. In 1489 he was surrendered to the cus- tody of Innocent VIII, from whom he passed into the hands of Alexander VI.