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 NOTES TO THE FIRST BOOK OF THE COURTIER to ornaments (such as the arabesques of the Renaissance) in which figures, human to the waist, terminate in scrolls, leafage, etc., and are combined with animal forms and impossible flowers. In this sense the word was used as early as 1502 in a contract between the Cardinal of Siena and the painter Pinturicchio. It had of course not yet reached its modern signification, so fully discussed in the appendix to Volume IV of Ruskin's " Modern Painters." In Castiglione's time it was not known that the catacomb decorations were Christian, and in any case they were founded on pagan models. Note 136, page 69. DEMETRIUS I of Macedon, (died 283 B.C.), was the son of Antigonus, who was one of Alexander's most illustrious generals and suc- ceeded to the Macedonian throne. Note 137, page 69. Of Metrodorus, nothing more is known than Pliny's account of the incident recorded in our text. Note 138, page 69. Lucius .ffiMlLlus Paulus, (died 160 B.C.), was a Roman general, Consul, and statesman of the aristocratic party. The incident men- tioned in the text occurred after his victory over King Perseus of Macedon in 168 B.C. Note 139, page 70. Campaspe, according to Pliny, was the name of the beautiful slave given by Alexander to Apelles, as narrated at page 68. Note 140, page 70. Zeuxis, {flor. 400 B.C.), belonged to the Ionian school of Greek painting, which was characterized by sensuous beauty and accurate imitation of nature. He lived at Athens, and his idealism is said to have been rather of form than of character. The picture referred to in the text repre- sented Helen of Troy, was regarded as his masterpiece, and was probably identical with a picture mentioned as being at Rome. The story of the five maidens is said to have been cited by Tintoretto in support of his maxim, "Art must perfect Nature." Note 141, page 71. The Marquesses Febus and Gerardino di Ceva were sons of the Marquess Giovanni (who was living as late as 1491), and belonged to one of the most illustrious families of Piedmont and indeed of all Italy. They were born towards the close of the 15th century and died about the third decade of the i6th, having obtained the investiture of their fief in 1521. They sided sometimes with the Emperor and sometimes with France, as best suited them, and left rather a bad name. To escape punishment for killing a cousin, Gerardino stabbed himself, and Febus also died " disperato," leaving two daughters in grief and shame. Note 142, page 71. Ettore Romano Giovenale was a cavalier of whom little more is known than that he was in Francesco Maria's service, fought successfully as one of the thirteen Italian champions at B arietta, was after-