Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 10.djvu/344

 WASHINGTON

WASUINGTON

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he was elected by the legislature of Alabama principal of a projected norrual school at Tuske- gee, which was formally opened as the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial institute, July 4, 1881. He also held the professorship of mental and moral science, and under his intelligent management the in- stitute became sec- ond in importance to its forerunner at Hampton, Va. In April. 1903. Andrew Carnegie added to the

t^^^ endowment fund of "■^ Tuskegee Institute ^^-/^ -^ .yyi^r-' ^COO.OOO, with the sole condition that the " founder and di- rector of the institu- tion. Principal Wash- ington, and his family shall always be assured support from the income." In June. 1903, Dr. Washington was invited by the British South African company to visit Soutli Africa and make a study of the racial conditions in the British territory, and report to the company and to the British government his plans for the better educational, industrial, and moral condition of the people. This in- vitation he declined. He was married, first, in 1882, to Fannie McKinney; secondly, to his as- sistant principal, Olivia A. Davidson, who died in imS\ and tliirdly, Oct. 12, 1893, to Maggie J. Murray, a graduate of Fisk university, assistant principal of Tuskegee institute, and president of the National Association of Colored Women. Tlie honorary degree of A.M. was conferred upon Professor Wjishington by Harvard university in is%, and that of LL.D. by Dartmouth college in 1902. Among his many addresses on racial and educational subjects maybe mentioned his open- ing address on " Negro Day" at the Atlanta ex- position of 1896. He is the author of: Black Belt Diamotuls, selections from his speeches, arranged by Mrs. V. E. Matthews (1898); Sounng and Reap- ing (V.m): Up From Slavery (1901), and Char- acter Biiihlinr, (1902).

WASHINGTON, Bushrod, associate- justice, was born in W«'Stmor*.-land county, Va., June .5, 1762; .son of John Augustine Washington, and grandson of Augustine and Marj' (Ball) Washing- ton. He was graduated from William and ^lary in 1778; studied law under James Wilson in Philadelphia, and established himself in practice in Westmoreland county. He enlisted in the Continental army as a private; was a member of the Virginia house of delegates in 1787; and of the convention that ratified the U.S. constitution in

1788. He was appointed an associate-justice of the U.S. supreme court in 1798, and served until his death. He inherited the mansion and 400 acres of the Mount Vernon e.state. He was first president of the National Colonization so- ciety in 1816. He is the author of: Reports of Cases Argved and Detnviiited in the Court of Aj)peals of Virginia (2 vols.. 1798-99), and Re- jwrts of Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States for the 3d Circut7 (4 vols., 1826-29). He died in Philadel- phia, Pa., Nov. 26. 1829.

WASHINGTON, George, first president of the United States, was born at Bridge's Creek, West- moreland county, Va., Feb. 11 (O.S.), 1732; son of Augustine and Mary (Ball) Washington; grandson of Lawrence and Mildred (Warner) W^ashington; great- gi'andson of John Washington, a sur- veyor, member of Virginia House of Burgesses, and col onel of a regiment of Virginia militia, and great 2-grandson of John W^ashington, who appeared in Virginia with Ins brother Lawrence in 1658, purchased lands, and settled at Bridge's Creek. Va. Tlie brothers, John and Lawrence Washington, were kinsmen of Law- rence Washington of Sulgrave Manor, England, although the exact relationship is unknown. Augustine Washington was twice married, first to Jane Butler, by whom he had three sons and one daughter, and secondly to Mary Ball, by whom he had four sons and two daugliters. George being the eldest. The sudden death of the father on April 12, 1743. left his children to the care of the young mother, whose means were narrow, notwithstanding the considerable estate left to each son. About the year 1735, George was sent to school under a Mr. Hobby, and soon after his father's death, he made his home with his half-brotlier, Augustine Washington, and at- tended a .school kept by a Mr. Williams, where he was taught mathematics and surveying. He was a close friend to Lord Fairfax, a distant kins- man by marriage, and early in 1748 was com- missioned by the latter to survey the Fairfax estates and fix their boundaries. In this work he was assisted by George Fairfax, and it was com- pleted so satisfactorily that Lord Fairfax pro- cured for Washington an appointment as public surveyor. In September, 1751, he accompanied his