Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 10.djvu/108

 TANEY

TANEY

N.V.. l.s.-,9-r)2; at Pliiladelphia. Pa.. 186'2-C9, and of the Central Presbyterian church, Brooklyn, N.Y. (whose name was afterward changed to Bn)okly n Tabernacle). 1869-94. The church prov- ing tix) small, he built an audience hall with a seating c;i|Kicity of SI, 000. which w:vs destroyed by lire in l8Ti. and a larger and more substantial one was erected on the site. This was also burned and the congregation erected a brick and stone edifice at the corner of Green and Clermont avenues. Brooklyn, at a cost of |:350.000. In 1894 this Tal)ernacle was completely destroyed by fire and Dr. Talmage removed to Washington, D.C., where he was ciiosen pastor of tiie First Presby- terian cluircli. Sept. 23, 1895. serving till 1899, wlien he resigned and engaged in literary work and lecturing. His last extended tour was tiirough Mexico in 1901-02. where he contracted the dise;ise which resulted in his death. The honorary degree of A. M. was conferred on him by the University of the City of New York in 1862. and tiiat of D.D. by the University of Ten- nessee in 1SS4. He w.as three times married: first to MoUie Aver}- of Brooklyn, N.Y.. who was drowned in 1862; secondly, in 1863, to Susan C. Whittemore of Brooklyn, N.Y., who died in 1895, and thirdly. Jan. 22, 1898, to Eleanor McCutcheon, widow of Charles Collier. He edited the Chris- tian at Work, The Advance, Frank Leslie's Sun- day Magazine, and the Christian Herald, and is the author of: Crumbs Swept Up; Abominations of Modern Society; Shots at Targets; Around the Tea-Table; Xight Side of Xew York; Mask Torn Off: The Marriage Ring; The Battle for Bread; Orange Blossoms Frosted; Gathered Gems (ISSd); Key Note of the Temperance Reform (1890); From, Manger to Throne (1891); From the Pyramids to the Acropolis (1892); and many hundred sermons and addres.ses published in book form and in current perioilicals. He died in Washington, D.C.. April 12, 1902.

TANEY, Roger Brooke, chief-justice, was born in Calvert county, Md., March 17, 1777. He was graduated from Dickinson college in 1795, studied law at Annapolis, Md., in the office of Jeremiah .S. Chase, was admitted to the bar in 1779 and esUiblished himself in practice in Cal- vert county. He was a representative in the state legislature, 1709-1800, and removed to Frederick, Md., where he soon built up a large practice. He was married in 1806 to a daughter of John Ross Key. He was cotinsel for General Wilkinson, commander-in-chief of the U.S. army, who in 1811 was summoned before a military court on various charges, and he conducted the defence to a successful isstie. He was a member of the state senate. 1816-21; removed to Balti- more, Md.. in 182:); was attorney-general of the state, 1827-31; attorney-general of the United

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States in the cabinet of President Jackson, 1831- 33. and bore an important part in the nullification controversy; opposed the question of the re-char- tering of the U.S. bank, and favored the removal of the deposits. He succeeded William J. Duane as secretary of the treasury upon the hitter's removal for refusing to remove the deposits at the dictation of the Pres- ident. He entered upon his duties. Sept. 24. 1833, and on Sept. 26. issued the order directing the collec- tors of revenue to cease making depos- its in the bank and leaving the amount on deposit to be drawn out at the con- venience of the government. In December, 1833, a resolution of censure upon the action of the President was adopted, Taney's nomination was rejected and he thereupon resigned the office and returned to Baltimore. He was appointed asso- ciate justice of the U.S. supreme court to succeed Gabriel Duval (q.v.) in January, 18-36, but the senate refused to confirm the appointment. As Chief-Justice Marshal had died June 6, 1835, Prej^ident Jackson, on March 15, 1836, appointed Mr. Taney to the c hief-justiceship of the United States Supreme Court. Justice Taney defended the right of reclaiming a fugitive slave from another state, and in 1857 he delivered his opinion on the famous Dred Scott case, in- volving the question whether congress had the power to exclude slavery from the territories. Justice Taney held that the plaintiff Dred Scott could not obtain redress in the U.S. circuit court for Missouri, as ^^ ^ f/^^'J^//

he was not a \i citizen of that' state, and in the progress of his enunciation of the princii>le in- volved, he held that negroes could not be made citizens by the act of any supR£/>^f court or wi uNittp jjxns. separate state, or by the United States. He said that the original colonies had special laws for the negro, whether slave or free, and that congress had not authorized their naturaliza- tion or enrolled them in the militia; that the colonists considered the African negro so far in-