Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 09.djvu/277

 SCHOTT

SCHOULER

SCHOTT, Charles Anthony, meteorologist, was born in Manheim, Baden, Germany, Aug. 7, 1826. He was graduated at the Polytechnic school, Carlsruhe, C.E., 1847; came to the United States in 1848, and was employed in the U.S. coast and geodetic survey, being made as- sistant in 1850, and in 1855 chief of the comput- ing division, in which latter office he served until his death. He was a member of the gov- ernment expedition to Springfield, Illinois, to observe the total eclipse of the sun in August, 1869, and to Catania, Sicily, in December, 1870; and a delegate to the International Conference on Terrestrial Magnetism at Bristol, England, in 1898. He was married, first, June 6, 1854, to Theresa Gildermeister; and secondly, Sept. 28, 1863, to Bertha Gildermeister. He was elected a member of the more important scientific societies of America, and of several foreign societies. He contributed to the annual reports of the U.S. coast and geodetic survey from 1854; and to the publications of the Smithsonian Institution, 1858-85, his contributions to the latter being largely made up from observations in the Arctic seas by Kane and Hayes and meteorological ob- servations made in various parts of the United States. He received the Wilde prize of 4000 francs from the Academy of France in 1899, for his investigations into the laws of terrestrial magnetism. He died in Washington, D.C., July 31. 1901.

SCHOULER, James, lawj-er and historian, was born in Arlington, Mass., March 20, 1839; son of William and Frances (Warren) Schouler; grandson of James and Margaret (Clark) Schouler and of Isaac and Frances (Wilkins) Warren. James

Schouler, his grand- father, emigrated to the United States with his family in 1816, from Kilbar- chan, a manufactur- ing town near Pais- ley, Scotland. On his mother's side, his ancestors are of the Warren family and among the earliest English settlers in Massachusetts. His father (1814-72) was a journalist, and served five years in the general court of Mass- achusetts, one year in the senate, and four years in the house; was adjutant-general of Massachusetts, 1860-66; and the author of the " History of Massachusetts in the Civil War " (3 vols., 1868-71). James Schouler was graduated

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at Harvard in 1859, and after teaching for one year, studied law and was admitted to the Bos- ton bar in 1862. He served one year in the civil war as lieutenant the 48d Massachusetts volunteers, and on the Signal corps. He re- sumed his practice in Boston and in Washington, D.C., being admitted to practise in the U.S. supreme court in 1867. From 1885 to 1903 he was a lecturer and professor in the Boston Uni- versity Law school, and was a lecturer on American history in the Johns Hopkins university after 1891. and also visiting professor on the staff of the National University Law school at Washington, D.C. He was married in 1870 to Emily F., daughter of Asa F. and Mehitable (Fuller) Cochran, of Boston. He is the author of: The Law of Domestic Relations (1870); The Laib' of Personal Property (1873); The Law of Bailments (1880); The Law of Husband and Wife (1882); Laio of Executors and Administra- tors (1883); Laiv of Wills (1887); Life of Tliomas Jefferson (1893); Histoi^ical Briefs (ISQl); History of the United States, 1783-1865 (6 vols., 1880-1899), and the Life of Alexander Hamilton (1901). He received the degree of LL.D. from the National university, Washington, D.C, in 1891, and from Johns Hopkins university, Balti- more, Md., Feb. 22, 1902.

SCHOULER, John, naval officer, was born in Lowell, Mass., Nov. 30, 1846; son of William and Frances E. (Warren) Schouler, and brother of the historian, James Schouler. He was gradu- ated from the U.S. Naval academy, Annapolis, 1864; served on the steam frigate Colorado, on the European station, 1865-66; was commis- sioned ensign, Nov. 1, 1866; promoted master, Dec. 1, 1866, and served on the steamer Frolic, 1866-68; w^as promoted lieutenant, 3Iarch 12, 1868, and served on the sloop Portsmouth, 1868- 70; and was promoted lieutenant-commander, June 3, 1869. He was executive officer on the monitor Terror, 1871-72; was in the hydro- graphic office, 1872-73; was stationed at the Naval academy, 1873-76; and was on the prac- tice ship Constellation, 1874. He served on the Essex, 1876-79, at the Naval academy again ^ 1880-84, on the Lancaster, 1884-85; was pro- moted commander, June, 1885; was stationed at the Naval academj-, 1885-88, and commanded the training ship Portsmouth, 1889-91. He was on special duty in the bureau of navigation, 1891-92; was a member of the examining and retiring board, 1893-95, and chief of staff, North Atlantic station, 1895-97; again served on special duty for the bureau of navigation. 1897- 98; was promoted captain, June 5, 1898. and served on the examining and retiring boards, 1898-99. He was retired with rank of rear-ad- miral in November, 1899.