Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 09.djvu/275

 SCHOLFIELD

SCHOOLCRAFT

John Porter case in 1878. He was sent on a special mission to Hawaii in 1873. He was awarded a medal of honor for conspicuous gal- lantry at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the University of Chicago in 1885. He was married, first, June, 1857, to Harriet, daughter of William Holmes Cliambers and Harriet (Whitehorn) Bartlett of West Point, N.Y.; she died in December, 1888. In June, 1891, he married, secondly, Georgia Kilbourne, daughter of Mrs. Augusta AVells Kilbourne of Keokuk, Iowa. He is the author of: Forty-six Yeai's in the Army (1898).

SCHOLFIELD, John, jurist, was born in Clark county, 111., Aug. 1, 1834; son of Thomas and Ruth (Beauchamp) Scholfield. The Schol- fields came from England to Pennsylvania at an early date in the pioneer immigration to the pro- vince, settled in West Chester, and after the Rev- olution removed to Loudoun county, Virginia; a part of the family removing thence to Musk- ingum county, Ohio, and thence to Clark county, 111. He was brought up on a farm; taught a district school and studied law, 1851-54; was graduated at the Louisville law school, LL.B., 1855; was admitted to the bar, and elected state attorney for the 4th judicial circuit in 1856. He was married, Dec. 29, 1859. to Emma J., daughter of Johr and Jane (Archer) Bartlett of Mar- sliall. 111. He canvassed' his district for the Democratic national ticket in 1856; was elected a representative in the state legislature in 1860, and was a delegate to the state constitutional convention of 1869. He was a justice of the supreme court of the state, 1873-90 and 1890-93, and chief justice, 1891. He refused a seat on the bench of the supreme court of the United States, offered him by President Cleveland in 1888. He died at Marshall, 111., Feb. 13, 1893.

SCHOOLCRAFT, Henry Rowe, ethnologist, was born in Watervliet, N.Y., March 28,1793; son of Col. Lawrence and Margaret Anne Barbara (Rowe) Schoolcraft; grandsonof John and Anna Barbara (Boss) Schoolcraft, and great-grandson of James Calcraft, who came from England to Canada in the military service of the crown in 1727, and subsequently settled in Albany county, N.Y., where he engaged in surveying and school- teaching, and changed liis name to Schoolcra,ft. Col. Lawrence Sclioolcraft served in the Revol- ution and as an officer in the war of 1812. Henry R. Schoolcraft was a student at Middlebury col- lege, Vt., and at Union college, Schenectady, N.Y.; learned the trade of glass-making under his father, and during 1817-18, made a collection of minerals in Missouri and Arkansas. He joined Gen. Lewis Cass's exploring expedition to Lake Superior and the head- waters of the Mississippi in

1 820; was secretary of the board of Indian commis- sioners at Cliicago, 111., in 1821, and Indian ngent at Sault Ste. Marie and Mackinaw, 1822-36. In October, 1823, he married Jane, daughter of John Johnston, and maternal granddaughter of Waboo- jeeg, the Ojibway chief. He was a member of the Michigan territorial legislature, 1828-31; con- ducted a party of explorers to Lake Itasca in 1832, and through a treaty which he made with the In- dians on the upper lakes in 1836, the United States gained possession of 16,000.000 acres of Indian lands. He superintended Indian affairs and was disbursing agent on the northwest frontier, 1837- 41. He removed to New York city in 1841; visited Europe in 1842, and also Virginia, Ohio, and Canada, 1843-44; collected the U.S. census of New York Indian tribes, 1845, of the Six Nations for the New York legislature, 1845-47; and con- gress authorized him on March 3, 1847, to collect and edit information relative to the condition of the Indian tribes. This work occupied the re- mainder of his life, and congress expended in its preparation .$150,000. He was married in January, 1847, to Mary Howard of Beaufort district, S.C., who was his assistant in the preparation of his later vvorks, which were written when he was confined to his chair by paralysis. Slie is the author of: " The Black Gauntlet, a Tale of Planta- tion Life in South Carolina " (1860). Mr. School- craft received the degree of LL.D. from the Uni- versity of Geneva in 1846; was a founder of the Michigan Historical society in 1828; of the Algic society in 1831, and of the American Ethnological society in 1841, and a member of numerous histori- cal and scientific societies of the United States and Europe. He was awarded a gold medal from the Frencli Institute for his lectures on the construc- tion of the Indian language. His published volumes include the following: Mineralogy and Geology of Missouri and Arkansas (1819); Trans- AUegania, or the Groans of Missouri (1820); Journal of a Tour in the Interior of Missouri and Arkansas (1820); Travels from Detroit to the Source of the MississijJiJi (1821); Travels in the Central Portions of the Mississij^iJi Valley (1825); The Rise of the West, poem (1827); Indian 3Ielodies {18m; The Man of Bronze (1834): Nar- rative of an Exjiedit ion through the Upiyer Mis- sissippi to Itasca Lake (1834); Iosco, or the Vale of Norma (1834); Algic Researches (1839): Alhalla or the Land of Talladega, poem (1843); Oneota or Characteristics of the Red Race of America (1844-45); Plan for Investigating Amencan Ethno- logy (1846); Notes on the Iroquois (1846); The Red Race of America (1847): Notices of Antique Earthen Vessels from Florida (1847); Life and Character of Gen. Leu-is Cass (18iS); Bibliograph- ical Catalogue of Books * * * in the Indian Tongues of the United States (1849); American