Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 09.djvu/274

 SCHOFF

SCHOFIELD

SCHOFF, Stephen Alonzo, enjjciaver, was born at Duiivillc. Vt.. in 1818; son of Joiin Chase and Eunit-e (Nye) Scliutr; grandson of Jolin and Priscilla (Chase) SchotT, aJid of Elislia Nj-e; of German ancestry on his father's side, and English on his mother's. He attended the public schools at Newburyport. Mass.. and went to Boston in 1834, to study and work at line engraving. In 1839-41, with his employer, Joseph Andrews, he went to Paris, where lie studied drawing and line engraving. Upon his return he began bank- note work in New York. He was employed in the bureau of engraving in Wasliington, and later resided in Boston, New York, Newtonville. Mass., and Brandon, Vt. His best known works are: C<n».-» Marius on the Ruins of Carthage (1843); William Penn; a portrait of R. W. Emerson, after Rowse: The Bathers, after William M. Hunt; Moonliijht Marine, after Dr. Hess.

SCHOFIELD, John McAllister, soldier, was born in Gerry, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1831; son of the Rev. James and Caroline (McAllister) Schofield; grandson of James and Margaret (Wheeler) Schofield and of John and Sara (Brewster) McAllister, and a de- scendant of Elder William Brewster of the Maijflower. He attended the public schools of Gerry, Bris- tol and Freeport, and was graduated from the U.S. Military academy and ap- pointed brevet 2nd lieutenant, 2nd artil- lery, July 1, 1853. He served on garri- son duty at Fort Moultrie, S.C, and in Florida, 1853-55; was promoted 2nd lieutenant, 1st artillery, Aug. 31, 1853, and 1st lieutenant, March 3, 1855; was assistant professor of natural and experimental philosophy at the U.S. Military academy, 185-5-56, and principal assistant professor, 1856-60; and was profes.sc>r of physics in Washington univer- sity. Mo,, 1860-61. He was appointed major, 1st Missouri volunteer infantry, April 26, 1861, that regiment being converted into artillery, August, 1861; and he was promoted captain, 1st artillery, U.S.A., May 14, 1801. He .served as mustering officer for the state of Miss<^>uri; was chief of staff to General Lyon, and took part in the action of Dugspring, the battle of Wilson's Creek, when Lyon was killed, and the action at Fredericktown. He was appointed brigadier- general, U.S. volunteers, Nov. 21, and brigadier- general, Mis-souri militia, Nov. 26, 1861, and com-

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manded the militia of Missouri, 1801-62. and the army of tiie frontier and district of south-west Missouri, 1802-03. He was aj)pointed major- general, U.S. v., Nov. 29. 1862, his commission expiring by constitutional limitation, March 4, 1803, when he again became brigadier-general, U.S.V. He was a member of the board of ex- aminers of Mississippi river mortar boats, Dec. 9-31, 1802; and commanded the 3rd divLsion, 14th army corps, Army of the Cumberland, Ajjril 20 to May 31, 1803. He was re-appointed major- general, U.S.V., May 12, 1803, and commanded the department of the Missouri, 1863-64, and the department and Army of the Ohio, 1864-65. He commanded the Army of the Ohio in the invasion of Georgia, May 2-Sept. 7, 1804, and commanded the force that opposed General Hood in his ad- vance from Florence, Ala., into Tennessee. He defeated Hood's army at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1804, being appointed origadier-general, U.S.A., on the same day, and brevetted major- general, U.S.A., March 13, 1805, for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Franklin, Tenn. He commanded the 23rd army corps in the battle of Nashville, Dec. 15 and 10, 1804, and was in command of the department of North Carolina, February to May, 1805, being engaged in the capture of Forts Anderson and Wilming- ton, the occupation of Kinston, the march to Goldsboro, and in the surrender of the Confeder- ate States army under Gen. J. E. Johnston at Durham Station, North Carolina, April 20, 1805, where he was detailed to execute the military convention of capitulation. He remained in command of the department of North Carolina until June, 1865, and was sent on a special mis- sion to Europe, 1805-66. He commanded the de- partment of the Potomac with headquarters at Richmond, Va., 1860-67, and the first Military district, state of Virginia, 1867-68. He was honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, Sept. 1, 1866; succeeded Edwin M. Stanton as secretary of war, June 2, 1868, and served in Johnson's and Grant's administrations until March 12, 1809. He was promoted major- general, U.S.A., March 4, 1809, and took com- mand of the department of the Missouri in that month. He commanded the division of the Paci- fic, 1870-70 and also in 1882-83; was superin- tendent of the U.S. Military academy, 1876-81; commanded the division of the Missouri, 1883-86, and the division of the Atlantic, 1886-88. He then commanded the Army of the United States, 1888-95. He was promoted lieutenant-general, U.S.A., Feb. 5, 1895, under a special act of con- gress, and was retired, Sept. 29, 1895, on reaching the age limit. He was president of the board that adopted the tactics for the army in 1870; and president of the board of review of the Fitz-