Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 09.djvu/229

 SAINT GAUDENS

SAINT GAUDKNS

upon nis son, Arthur St. Clair, Jr., a promising young attorney at Pittsburgh, to remove to Cincinnati and take the office. This step, although a great personal sacrifice on the part of the son, later subjected the governor to unjust criticism. Early in 1802 charges were preferred against him, and on Nov. 22, he was removed from office by President Jefferson. His removal is generally acknowledged to have been a political partisan movement. Returning to Pennsylvania he gather- ed his family about him at Ligonier. Although at the beginning of the Revolution he had owned seven hundred acres of good land, which promised to become very valuable, his losses in the war were such that he was forced to give up his estate, whicii passed to James Galbraith, from him to James Ramsey and thence to his son, John Ram- sey, who founded upon it the town of Ligonier, Pa. After the sale of his home he removed to a small log house on the summit of Chestnut Ridge, where he passed his remaining years in great privation, his eldest daughter, Mrs. Louisa Robb, sharing his fortunes. The Pennsylvania legisla- ture granted him $400 a year in 1813, and in 1817 congress settled $2,000 and a pension of $60 a rnonth upon him. He was a member of the American Philosophical society ; an original mem- ber of the Society of the Cincinnati, and president of the State Society for Pennsylvania, 1783-89 ; and is the autlior of : A Narrative of the Manner in which the Campaign Against the Indians in the Year 1791 was Conducted (1812). While driving to Youngstown for provisions, he was thrown from his wagon and fatally injured. The Masonic society erected a monument to his memory in the cemetery of Greensburg, Pa., bearing these words: "TJie Earthly Remains of Major-General Arthur St. Clair are deposited beneath this humble monument, which is erected to supply the place of a nobler one due from his country." See " The St. Clair Papers" by Wil- liam Henry Smith (3 vols., 1882). He died at Chestnut Ridge, Pa., Aug. 31, 1818.

SAINT GAUDENS, Augustus, sculptor, was born in Dublin, Ireland, March 1, 1848 ; son of Bernard Paul Ernest and Mary (McGuinness) Saint Gaudens. His father, a native of Saint Gaudens, Haut Garonne in the Pyrenees, settled in Dublin early in the nineteenth century, and came to the United States with his wife and son in 1848, locating in New York. Augustus attended the public schools, studied drawmg in the eve- ning classes of the Cooper Institute, 1861-65, and at the National Academy of Design, 1865-66, and meanwhile learned the trade of a cameo cutter. He studied sculpture under JoufTroy at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, 1867-70, and continued his .studies in Rome, 1870-72, wliere he produced his first figure, Hiawatha, in 1871. In 1872 he opened

a studio in New York city, and made a second visit to Paris and Rome, 1878-80, removing his studio to Paris in 1898. He was married in 1877 to Augu.sta F., daugiiter of Thomas J. Homer of Boston, Mass. He was made a National Acade- mician in 1889 ; a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; a corresponding member of the Institute of France ; an officer of the Legion of Honor ; president of the Society of American Artists, which he was instrumental in founding ; one of the founders of the American Academy in Rome ; a member of the National Sculpture society, the Architectural league, the Century association, and of various social clubs of New York. He was also a supporter of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the National Academy of Design. He was awarded a medal of honor at the Paris exhibition, 1900 ; a special medal of honor at the Pan-American exposition, Buffalo. 1901 ; and received the degrees LL.D. from Harvard and L.H.D. from Princeton in 1897. His more important works include the bas- relief. Adoration of the Cross by Angels, in St. Thomas's church, New York ; statue of Admiral Farragut, New York city (1880); of Abraham Lincoln, Chicago, 111. (1887); The Puritan, a statue of Samuel Chapin, Springfield, Mass. (1887); statues of John A. Logan, Chicago (1897), Peter Cooper, New York (1897); Shaw Memorial,

ROBERT COULP SHA>A/

Boston Common, facing the State House, unveiled Memorial Day, 1897 ; figure over the grave of Mrs. Henry Adams, Rock Creek cemetery, Washing- ton ; monument to General Sherman for New York (unveiled, 1903); portrait busts of William M. Evarts (1872-73). Theodore D. Woolsey (1876), and Gen. William T. Sherman (1888). and medal- lions of Bastien Le Page (1879). Robert Louis Stevenson (1887), Rev. Henry W. Bellows. D.D., W. Dean Howells. Dr. James McCosh of Prince- ton, Mr. Justice Horace Gray (1901). Mr. and
 * \rrs. Wayne ]\IcVeagh (1902). and many otliers.

He also modeled tlie caryatids in the Cornelius Vanderbilt house, New York city ; the main fagade