Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 09.djvu/195

 ROWE

ROWLAND

commission to revise and codify the laws of Porto Rico, and in April, 1901, Governor Allen appoint- ed him chairman of the Insular Code commission. He returned to his cliair of political science in the University of Pennsylvania in February, 1902. He was elected a fellow of the Wharton School of Finance and Economy; a member of the International Law association; of the Amer- ican Economical association, and corresponding member of the Societe d'Anthropologique, Paris. His many contributions to scientific journals in- clude: " Factors of Efficiency in Government" (Public Opinion, 1895); " The Anti-Semitic Move- ment in America" {Citizen, 1895); "American Political Ideas and Institutions" (published by the Reform club, New York, 1897); " The Influ- ence of the War on Our Public Life '" {Forum, 1899); '"Tlie Municipality and the Gas Supply" (Annals of the American Academy, 1898); "So- cialistic Municipalities of Northern France " ( Yale Review, 1899); "The Supreme Court and the In- sular Cases" (Annuls, 1901); "Political Parties in Porto Rico" (Annals, 1902); " The Establish- ment of Civil Government in the Philippines" (Annals, 1902).

ROWE, Peter Trimble, first bishop of the mis- sionary district of Alaska and ITTth in succession in the American episcopate, was born in Meadow- ville, Canada, Nov. 20, 1856; son of Peter and Mary Rowe. He was graduated from Trinity college, Toronto, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1882; was or- dered deacon by the Bishop of Algoma, Nov. 3, 1878, and advanced to the priesthood, Nov. 14, 1880. He was married, June 1, 1881, to Dora H., daughter of the Rev. John Carry, D.D., of Port Perry, Canada. He was missionary to the Indians at Garden River, Ontario, 1878-82, and was re- ceived into the American church by Bishop Har- ris of Michigan in July, 1882. He was rector of the mission of St. James, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., 1882-95, and served as commissioner of schools for Chippewa county, Mich., 1891-95. He was elected the first missionary bishop of Alaska by the Gen- eral convention, 1895, and was consecrated, Nov. 30, 1895, in St. George's, New York city, by Bishops Doane,Whitaker and Storkey, assisted by Bishops Brewer, Potter, Walker, Davies and Brooke. He made his residence at Silka, and in 1903 had eight clergy, sixteen lay readers, fourteen mis- sions, twelve church edifices, five women work- ers, and 2,259 baptised members in his missionary district, which covered an area of 570,000 square miles, with a population of 44,000 souls. He re- ceived the honorary degree of D.D. from Hobart and Toronto in 1895.

ROWLAND, Henry Augustus, physicist, was born in Honesdale, Pa., Nov. 27,1848; son of the Rev. Dr. Henry Augustus and Harriet (Heyer) Rowland; grandson of the Rev. Henry

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A. and Frances (Bliss) Rowland; great-grandson of the Rev. David Sherman and Mary (Spaulding) Rowland, and a descendant of Jonathan Edwards, and of the Rev. John Warham, first minister of Windsor, Conn. He was graduated at the Rensselaer Polytech- nic institute at Troy, N.Y., C.E., 1870, and became a surveyor in western Ne%v York. He was instructor in phjsics at Rensselaer, 1872-74, and in 1874 was made assistant professor. He studied at Berlin in 1875, and in 1876 became pro- fessor of physics at Johns Hopkins uni- versity. He made many discoveries in electrical and solar science, and invented machines to aid him in his work. A plate of polished metal, ruled with close, parallel lines, possesses a refractory power very much beyond that of the prism commonly used, and the nearer these lines are to one another the greater the power of the plate. Professor Rowland invented a ruling engine capable of making 20,000 lines to the inch, the best achievement before that being the engine of Lewis M. Rutherfurd (q.v.), which ruled 17,000 lines to the inch. Professor Rowland was married June 4, 1890, to Henrietta, daughter of George Law and Helen (Davidge) Harrison, of Baltimore, Md. He invented in 1897 the multiplex printing telegraph, by means of which a telegram can be transmitted upon a typewriter and reproduced in typewritten form at the receiving end; and he devised a means of mak- ing practical use of the force of Niagara for the generation of electricity. In 1899 he conducted a successful series of experiments to ascertain the cause of the magnetism of the earth, and deter- mined to a nicety the value of an ohm, being a permanent member of the International commis- sion for establishing electrical units. He received the honorary degrees, Ph.D. from Johns Hop- kins in 18S0, and LL.D. from Yale in 1883 and from Princeton in 1896; was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor for his services at the Electrical congress at Paris in 1881, and in 1896 was advanced to the grade of ofiicer, and later made a corresponding member of the Britisli Association for the Advancement of Science. He was one of twelve foreigners to be admitted to membership in the Physical Society of London. He was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences in 1881, and in 1884 received for his researches in light and heat the Rumfonl