Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 09.djvu/185

 ROSECRANS

ROSENTHAL

formed and he was regularly assigned to the command. He marched from Clarksburg against Floyd in September, 1861, and this march led to the combat of Carnifex Ferry, Sept. 10, 1861, and the driving of Floyd from the district after mak- ing a slight resistance at Gauley Bridge, Nov. 1,

1861. He was promoted major-general. U.S.V,, March 21, 1863, and on June 11, 1862, succeeded General Pope in the command of the Army of the Mississippi. He was in command of the Union forces in the battle of luka, Miss., Sept. 19, 1862, and after the battle he was put in command of the district of West Tennessee, with headquarters at Corinth, Sept. 26, 1862, General Grant remov- ing his headquartei-s to Jackson, Tenn. He for- tified and successfully defended Corinth from the assault by General Van Dorn, Sept. 3-4, 1862, driving the Confederates back to Ripley, the cavalry pursuing the retreating army for 60 miles, when he was ordered back to Corinth by General Grant in spite of his protests and assurances that he could press the enemy, then thoroughly de- moralized, and capture Vicksburg. The Confed- erate loss was 1423 officers and men killed and left /or the Federal soldiers to bury; probably 5000 wounded, 2268 prisoners captured; 3300 stands of small arms; 14 stands of colors; 2 pieces of artillery and a large quantity of equipments. Rosecrans"s loss was 355 killed, 1841 wounded and 324 captured or missing. He succeeded General Buell in command of the department of the Cumberland, Oct. 20 1862, and after securing a thorough reorganization of the Army of the Cum- berland (Fourteenth Army Corps), on Dec. 26,

1862, he began his march toward Nashville, where he expected to give battle to Gen. Braxton Bragg, then at Murf reesboro on Stone's River. The battle of Stone's River, Dec. 31, 18G2-Jan. 2,1863, fol- lowed, in which the Confederate loss in killed and wounded was 9000 while Rosecrans lost about an equal number; but the field was held by the Federals, Bragg falling back to TuUahoma. In January, 1863, after the disaster of the Army of the Potomac under Burnside, General Halleck and Secretary Stanton favored the appointment of Rosecrans to the command of that army, but the President thought it injudicious to put an- other western man in command, and Hooker was appointed. Rosecrans claimed that bj' holding Bragg's army entrenched at its camp before Mur- freesboro he strengthened Grant at Vicksburg, and it was not till June 24, 1863. when news from Vicksburg indicated the speedy fall of that place, that Rosecrans moved on Bragg's entrenched army, and on July 4, he had possession of the camps, and on July 7. Bragg was in full retreat over the Cumberland mountains to Chattanooga. Rosecrans skilfully manoeuvered the Confederate army soutli of the Tennessee river and through

and beyond Chattanooga. Here instead of en- trenching, he kept up the pursuit while Bragg was being re-enforced from Mississippi, and by Longstreet from the Army of Northern Virginia. Rosecrans. in time, had to fall back, and in the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19-20, 1863. he was badly defeated, abandoning Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge and falling back on Chat- tanooga Sept. 21, 1863, which place he began to fortify. His loss in killed, wounded and missing was 16,179 against 17,804, by the Confederate army. He was superseded by Genei'al Thomas Oct. 23, 1863, and was awaiting orders Oct. 1863- June, 1864. He was given command of the De- partment of the Missouri, Jan. 28, 1864, with headquarters at St. Louis, Mo., and on Dec. 9, 1864, he was relieved of his command without explanation, and was on leave of absence, 1865-67. He was brevetted major-general, U.S. army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and distinguished services at the battle of Stone's River, Tenn., and was mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan. 15, 1866. He resigned his commission March 28, 1867, and was appointed U.S. minister to Mexico July 27, 1868, and from 1869 to 1881 he engaged in railway and industrial enterprises in Mexico. He was elected president of the San Jose Mining company in 1871; president of the Safety Powder company of San Francisco in 1878, and was a Democratic representative in the 47th and 4Sth congresses, 1881-85, serving as chairman of the committee on military affairs. He was register of the U.S. treasury, 1885-93, and in February, 1889, was restored to the rank and pay of brigadier- general, U.S.A. and placed on the retired list. He is the author of Battleof Corinth in " Battles and Leaders of the Civil war," (Vol. II. pp. 737-57). He died at Rosecrans, twelve miles from Los Angeles, Cal., March 11, 1898, and his bodj- was conveyed to the Arlington National Cemetery, "VVasliington, D.C., for interment.

ROSENTHAL, Max, teacher and engraver, was born in Turck, Russian Poland, Nov. 23, 1833. He studied lithograph}', drawing and painting under Thurwanger in Paris, France, 1847-49; came to Philadelphia, Pa., in the latter year, where he continued his studies, and subsequently established himself as a lithograplier and por- trait-painter, making the plates for " Wild Scenes and Wild Horses." the first book illustrated en- tirely by chromo-lithography in the United States, He was married, Nov. 2, 1858, to Caroline, daughter of Abraham Rosenthal. During the ci\ il war he accompanied the Army of the Poto- mac as artist, reproducing nearly every encamp- ment, and was afterward engaged in book illus- trating until 1884, when he took up etching and the production of mezzo-tints, principally of the portraits of famous Americans, those of