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with his family in 1865 to Knoxville, Tenn. Adolph was given a common school education, and inl8Gi)when the Knoxville Daily Chronicle was went to work as newspaper carrier. In was employed in Providence, R.I., where he also attend- ed night school. Re- turning to Knoxville, he was a clerk in a drug store in 1872; was engaged in the office of the Chronicle, 1873-75; was in the job office department of the Courier-Jour- nal, Louisville, Kj'., 1875-76; assistant foreman of the com- posing room of the Knoxville Daily Trib- (^XdTjg-^^K^^^-^®^^^ «*^^. 1876-77, and in \j. May, 1877, became

connected with the DaiVyDis/jafc/i, Chattanooga, wliere he filled successively every position, in- cluding that of editor-in-chief. In 1878 he pul)lislied a city directory of Chattanooga and in July of that year purchased half interest in the Cluittanooga Daily Times, established in 1869. and assumed complete control, buying out the remaining half interest in 1871. In 1879 he established the Tradesman, which became the leading commercial paper of the southwest. Under his management the Cliattanooga Times won the soubriquet of "The Times that made Cliattanooga." In 1883 he nuirried Iphigenia Miriam, youngest daugiiter of the Rev. Dr. Isaac M. Wise of Cincinnati, Oliio. In 1892 the Ti7nes building at Chattanooga, costing nearly $200,000, was erected. At the meeting of the National Editorial association at St Paul, Minn., in 1891, he delivered an address on the subject of " Interior Dailies,'' which attracted nmch attention. He was for some years a member of the Chattanooga board of education. He organized the Southern Associated Press, and in 1883 became its secretary and treasurer. In 1896 he became publisher and controlling owner of the New York Times, and changed his residence to New York city, but continued the ownership of the business at Cliattanooga. In 1901 he jmrchased and became the owner of the Philadelphia Times, which he placed under the management of his brother, George Washington Ochs. and in .IiUy. 1902. paid over $2,500,000 to the heirs r.f George W. Childs for tlio Public T^flqer. During the Paris exposi- tion (1900) he published daily at the exposition a European edition of the New York Times, one of the most important and expensive American exhibits.

OCHTMAN, Leonard, artist, was born in Zonnemaire, Zceland, Holland, Oct. 21, 1854; son of John and Hendricka (Fonteine) Ochtman. His father, a decorative painter, settled in Albany, N.Y., with his family in 1866. Leonard was a draughtsman in an engraving office, 1870- 77, opened a studio in Albany in 1877, and in 1879 removed it to New York city, where, in the winter of the latter year, he took a course of study at the Art Student.s' league. He traveled in England, Frani^e and Holland, making studies of landscapes during the sunmier of 1885. He was married in 1891 to Mina Fonda, one of his pulpils, and the same year established a summer school of landscape painting at Mianus, Conn, He exhibited Early Autumn at the National Academy of De.sign in 1882. becoming a regular exhibitor there as well as at the prominent art exhibitions throughout the country. He was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design; a member of the Society of American Artists, the American Water-Color society, the New York Water-Color club, the Salmagundi club, the Brooklyn Art club and the Society of Landscape Painters; and received medals and other honors for his work.

O'CONNELL, Eugene, R. C. bishop, was born in the Parish of Kings Court, count}' Meath, Ireland, June 18, 1815. He attended the diocesan college at Navan, and was prepared for the l)riesthood in St. Patrick's college at Maynooth, Ireland, where he was ordained in Jime, 1842. He was a professor in Navan college and after- ward in the missionary college of All Hallows. Later he came to the United States, where he engaged in missionary work in California, sub- sequently serving as president of Santa Inez college, Santa Barbara count}', and then of St. Thomas's theological seminary. He returned to Ireland in 1860. On Sept. 26, 1860, he was elected titular bishop of " Flaviopolis " and vicar apostolic of Marysville, Cal., which included the territory of Nevada, and the upper half of Cali- fornia, and he was consecrated in the chapel of All Hallows college, Dublin, Feb. 3, 1861, by Archbishop Paul CuUen of Dublin. He arrived at Marysville, June 8, 1861, and was inducted in St. Joseph's cathedral by Archbishop Alemany, June 9, 1861. He was translated to the new see of Grass Valley, Cal., formed out of his vicariate, as bishop. Feb. 3, 1868. and resigned, March 17, 1884, receiving the title " Bishop of Joppa," t'n partilms inficlelinm. He died at Los Angeles, Cal.. Dec. 4. 1891.

O'CONNOR, James, R. C. bishop, was born in Queenstown, Ireland. Sept. 10, 1823. He came to the United States in 1839, with his brother, Michael O'Connor, and was educated in the semi- nary of St. Charles liorromeo at Philadelphia, Pa.