Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 07.djvu/287

 MARSHALL

MARSHALL

urged to enter into negotiations after the with- drawal of his colleagues he refused to do so. Marshall arrived in New York, June 17, 1798, and was received with great enthusiasm, and a public banquet was given to him by both houses of

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congress. It was at this dinner that the famous reply of Pinckney to the French Directory in '1796 — " Millions for defence but not a cent for tribute "—was used as a toast. Marshall imme- diately resumed his law practice in Virginia and declined the appointment of justice of the supreme court of the United States tendered him by President Adams, Sept. 26, 1798. He was a Federal representative in the 6th congress, 1799- 1801; and was appointed secretary of state in the reorganized cabinet of President Adams, May 12, 1800. During liis administration of state affairs, the treaty with France was ratified. While serv- ing as secretary of state he was appointed chief justice of the United States to succeed Chief- Justice Ellsworth, resigned, and took the oath of office, Feb. 4, 1801. He presided throughout the February term but by special request of the President he continued to act as secretary of state until the close of Adams's administration. It was before Marshall as chief jastice that the celebrated trial of Aaron Burr was held and a verdict of acquittal was rendered. Ha was a member of the Virginia state convention of 1829 and spoke with great earnestness on the matter of changing the manner of appointment of the judges and magistrates of the commonwealth and the length of their term of office. Altliough op- posed to the general principles of Jackson's ad- ministration he most heartily approved his treat- ment of nullification. He is the author of a Life of Washington (5 vols., 1804-07) written and published at the request of Washington's family from records and private papers which were placed at his disposal. The first volume was afterward published separately under the title of A History of the American Colonies (1824) and the entire work was subsequently revised and

condensed into two volumes in 1832. The honor- ary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the College of New Jersey in 1802, by Harvard in 1808, and by the University of Pennsylvania in 1815. He was a member of the American Philo- sophical society; a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and correspond- ing member of the Massachusetts Historical society. He received a pU*ce in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans, New York university, at the election in October, 1900, in Class J, Judges and Lawyers, receiving 91 votes, the highest number in the class, and, except Washington, Webster, Lincoln, Franklin, and Grant, the highest in the election. On Feb. 4, 1901, the supreme court of the United States, with the aid and support of the President and congress, celebrated the one hun- dredth anniversary of the day on which he took his seat for the first time in the supreme court of the United States, and by common consent all judicial business throughout the country ceased, and state, city and county bar associations held appropriate exercises, as did colleges, law and public schools. His health began to decline at the opening of the session of the supreme court in 1835, although he presided throughout the ses- sion. He died in Pliiladelphia, Pa., July 6, 1835. MARSHALL* Louis, educator, was born at Oak Hill, Fauquier county, Va., Oct. 7, 1773; son of Col. Thomas (1730-1802) and Mary Randolph (Keith) Marshall, grandson of Capt. John ( " of the Forest ") and Elizabeth (Markham) Marshall. He removed with his father to Lexington, Ky., in 1785 and received a classical education at home. He studied medicine and surgery at Edinburgh and Paris and resided in Paris during the French revolution. He was one of the party of students engaged in the attack on the Bastile, was present at the massacre of the Swiss guards witnessed the murder of Prince de Lamballe, was arrested and imprisoned for several years, and was at one time condemned to death, but his life was saved by the stratagem of the turnkey. His brothers Jolin and James, then in Paris as representatives from the United States, procured his release. He then returned to America, and was married at Frankfort, Ky., to Agatha Smith, and liis fatlier gave him the estate " Buckpond ' in Woodford county, Ky., where he began the practice of his profession in 1800 and also estab- lished a private school, where many of his nepliews were educated. He abandoned medicine shortly afterward and opened an academy at Woodford, Ky., which he taught until 1830, his pupils including sons of the best families of Ken- tucky. He was president of Washington college, Lexington, Va.. 1830-34, and president of Tran- sylvania university, Lexington, Ky.. 1855-66. He died at " Buckpond," Ky., in April, 1866.