Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 07.djvu/285

 MARSHALL

MARSHALL

to Henry county, and engaged in farming. He was a Whig representative in the 31st and 32d congresses, 1849-53 ; declined the appointment of U.S. minister to Central America in 1852 ; was U.S. minister plenipotentiary to China, 1852-54 ; a representative in 34tli and 35th congresses, 1855^- 69, and in 1861 brigadier-general in the Confed- erate army and was placed in command of the Army of Eastern Kentucky. He participated in the battle of Middle Creek, Ky., Jan. 9, 1862 ; and in May, 1862, he surprised Gen. Jacob D. Cox at Princeton, Va., which resulted in the relief of Lynchburg and Knoxville. He resigned his commission in 1862 and was a representative from Kentucky in the Confederate congress, 1863-65, and served on the committee on military affairs. After the surrender of General Lee he removed to New Orleans, La. He was pardoned by President Johnson, Dec. 18, 1867, and returned to Louis- ville and resumed his law practice. He died in Louisville. Ky., March 28, 1872.

MARSHALL, James, educator, was born in Grove, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1834. His parents removed to Nunda, N.Y., in 1835, «and he attended the academy there, and in 1851 engaged in teacliing school in Ohio. He studied law in Akron, Ohio, and was graduated at Yale A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860. He conducted a scliool for girls at Syra- cuse, N.Y., 1858-61 ; studied at Princeton Theo- logical seminary, 1861-62 ; was ordained an evangelist by the presbytery of Onondaga, July, 1862, and was chaplain, U.S.A., 1862-65, serving in Chesapeake general hospital at Fort Monroe, and organizing the National Cemetery there, where he attended the burial of 6000 soldiers. He was married, Oct. 3, 1866, to Jeannie M., daughter of Robert McNair of Mt. Morris, N.Y. He travelled and studied in Germany, 1867-69 ; resided in Syracuse, N.Y., 1869-71 ; was pastor in Troy, N.Y., 1871-72 ; Hoboken, N.J., 1872-76 ; of Lebanon chapel. New York city, 1876-81 ; and of DeWitt Memorial church, which he founded in New York city, 1881-84. He declined the presi- dency of Ingham university, N.Y., 1881, of the Blairstown academy, N.J., and of Berea college, Ky. , 1885. He engaged in literary work at Nunda, N.Y., 1884-87, and was president of Coe college, Cedar Rjipids, Iowa, 1887-96, He received the degree of D.D. from Lenox college, Iowa,- in 1887. He died in Cedar Rapids, Sept. 11, 1896.

MARSHALL, James William, cabinet officer, was born in Clarke countj', Va., Aug. 14, 1822 ; son of James Pede and Susan (Orear) Marshall and grandson of Rush Marshall. He attended the schools of Clarke and Fauquier counties until 1837 when he removed to Mount Sterling. Kj'., and engaged in business. He was graduated from Dickinson college, Carlisle. Pa., in 1848. He was adjunct professor of ancient languages at Dick-

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inson, 1848-50, and full professor, 1850-62. In 1850 he was married to Jane Stevenson of Car- lisle. He was U.S. consul at Leeds, England, by appoint- ment of President Li n c o 1 n , 1861-65. He s e t- tled near Bound Br o o k, N. J., in 1865, and

was appointed fii-st assistant postmaster-general by President Grant in 1869, and was appointed postmaster-general in 1874 on the retirement of John A. J. Cresswell, and held the position until the appointment of Marshall Jewell in the .same year, when he was re-appointed first assistant postmaster-general, serving until March 8, 1877, after which time he was not in public life.

MARSHALL, James Wilson, discoverer of gold in California, was born in Hoi>e, Warren county, N.J., in 1812. His father was a wagon maker and he served in apprenticeship under him, and engaged in the business. He removed to Missouri in 1833, and subsequently took up a claim on the Platte river near Fort Leavenworth. He spent the winter of 1844-45 in Oregon and in the spring of 1845 reached California where he entered the employ of Gen. John A. Sutter. He later established a stock farm on Butte Creek, served through the Bear Flag war, which resultf^d in the independence of California, March, 1847, and in May 1847, he again joined General Sutter, at Sutter's Fort (Sacramento) and was employed by him to build a saw mill at Coloma. On Jan. 24, 1848, while inspecting the work done on a tail race used to carry the water from the mill after passing the wheel, he noticed jellow gold- like particles mingled with the loose earth wliich had been washed by the rains. The next day he found a nugget of con^jiderable size of what he believed to be gold, and four days later, having tested the metal at Sutter's Fort, all doubts were removed. He engaged the mining near the mill, as did General Sutter, and they obtained a quan- tity of gold. His discovery brought a large num- ber of miners and adventurers to the place. Mar- shall's land was seized and laid out in town lots and he was unsuccessful in establishing his claims to ownership. Reduce ed from one place to another hoping to locate a new claim. He made repeated efforts to obtain some recognition from the people of California for his discovery and did receive a small pension for a f 3W years, but his days ended in extreme poverty.