Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 05.djvu/78

 HAMMOND

HAMMOND

college in 1858, receiving his A.M. degree in 1861. He studied tlieology in New York and conijjleted his course at the .seminary of the Free church, EJiaburgh, Scotland, in which city he com- menced liis evangehcal work which attracted the attention of the ministers of the city of Glasgow, of Aberdeen and of neighboring cities, who joined him in his work and invited him to their churches. He labored two years in Scotland; five years in New England and the Middle states; six years in Englisli speaking Europe, and in 1886 visited the Holy Land. His labors in America embraced the large cities from Maine to California and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf. He was notably succe.ssful at St. Louis, Mo., in 1874, at San Fran- cisco, Cal., and in Washington, D.C., in 1890-91. He is the author of: The Conversion of Children; Gathered Lambs; Child's tixiide to Heaven; Blood of Jesus; Jioger's Travels; Better Life, and' Hoio to Find It, and over one hundred tracts and small books published both in Great Britain and Amer- ica. See TTie Ecaper and the Harvest, by the Rev. P. C. Headley (1S«4).

HAMMOND, Jabez D., author, was born in New Bedford, Mass., Aug. 2, 1778; a descendant of Benjamin Hammond the emigrant, 1634. In 1793 he began to teach school, devoting his leisure time to the study of medicine, which profession he began to practise in Reading, Vt., in 1799. He left medicine for law, and was admitted to the bar in 1805, and removed to Cherry Valley, N.Y. He served as a representative in the 14th con- gress, 1815-17; was in the .state senate, 1817-21, and removed to Albany, X.Y., in 1822, where he practised law till 1830. In 1825 he was appointed commissioner for the state of New York to settle claims against the U.S. government. In 1831 he went abroad for his health and returned to reside at Cherry Valley, where he was elected county judge in 1838. He was a regent of the Univer- sity of the state of New Y^ork, 1845-55, and re- ceived the honorary degree of A.M. from Union in 1826 and that of LL.D. from Hamilton in 1845. He published The Political History of New York to December, 1840 (1843); Life and Opinions of Julius Melbourn (1847); Life of Silas Wri'jht (1848); and Evidence, Independent of Written Revelation, of the Immortality of the Soul (1851). He died in Cherry Valley, N.Y., Aug. 18, 1855.

HAMMOND, James Henry, senator, was born in Xewlwrry district, S.C, Nov. 15, 1.S07; son of Elisha Ilammoml and a descendant from Benja- min Hammond, the immigrant, who came to Massachusetts from England in 1634. His father was born in New Bedford, Mass., Oct. 10, 1774; was graduated at Dartmoutli in 1802; was princi- pal of Mount Bethel academy, Newberry, S.C, 1803-06; profes.sor of langiiages in South Carolina college, 1806-07; again at Mount Bethel, 1807-15;

removed to Columbia, S.C, and subsequently to Macon, Ga., where he died July 27, 1829. The son was graduated at South Carolina college in 1825; was admitted to the bar in 1828: was editor of the Southern Times, a nullification organ, at Columbia, S.C, 1830-35; was an ofiicer on the .start' of (governors James Hamilton and Robert T. Hayne, 1830-34, and a representative in the 24th congress, from Dec. 7, 1835, to Feb. 16, 1836, when he resigned on account of failing health and was in Europe, 1836-37. He was governor of South Carolina, 1842-44; an extensive planter at Beach Island, S.C, 1844-57; U.S. senator as successor to Andrew P. Butler, from Dec. 7, 1857, to the time of the secession of South Carolina Nov. 11, 1800, when he withdrew with his state delegation. He was a slave-holder and defended the institution with able arguments which were publislied in 1853 as " The Pro-Slavery Argu- ment." He was given the title of '* Mudsill Ham- mond " after a speech in the U.S. senate in March, 1858, in which he used the term "mud- sill " and it was interpreted to apply to the people of the north, while in fact he used the word in the sense of foundation or .support, getting the simile from the foundation of a mill on his plan- tation, then being built upon mudsills over quick- sand. In the same speech he announced cotton as king, and defied the world to make war upon it. He wrote upon agriculture, manufactures, banks and railroads, and delivered his master oration on the " Life, Character and Services of John C Calhoun " at Cliarleston, S.C, in Novem- ber, 1850, by invitation of the city council, on the occasion of a memorial service in which the entire state joined. His bi'other John Fox Ham- mond, born 1821, died 1886, was a surgeon in the U.S. army, 1847-86, and another brother, Marcus Claudius Marcellus (born 1814, died 1876), was graduated at West Point in 1836, served through the Mexican Avar, resigned in 1847, and wrote a history of the Mexican war. James Henry died on his estate at Beech Island, S.C, Nov. 13, 1864. HAMMOND, John, representative, was born at Crown Point, N.Y'., Aug. 27. 1827. Heat- tended the Rensselaer polytechnic institute; went to California in 1849, and engaged in the manufacture of iron at Crown Point, N.Y., 1855- 89. He enlisted as a private in tiie L'nion army in 1861, was promoted captain in the 85th New York cavalry, and through all the grades at- taining the rank of brigadier-general, and was mustered out of the service in 1865. He was an inspector of state prisons for New York, 1866-69; Republican repre.sentative from the 18th New Y^'ork district in the 46th and 47th congresses, 1879-83, and was a member of the committees on manufactures and the Pacific railroads. He died at Crown Point, N.Y., May 28, 1889.