Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 05.djvu/408

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and of Caleb and Nancy (Townsend) Woodruff, and a descendant of Nathaniel Howe, who settled in Stamford. Conn., about ICDO. His first an- cestor iu America settled in Lynn, Mass.. in 1635. He attended the puV)- .^^j;;^^ lie schools of New

^•*-^** V York city and engag-

^ '■" ^ ed in the dry goods

business. He was made a trustee in several public insti- tutions, vice-presi- dent of the Amphion Musical society and a member of the Union League, In- vincible, Hanover, Apollo and several other clubs. He was a Republican repre- sentative from the sixth New York district in the 54th and 55th congresses, 1895-99. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

HOWE, John Badlatn, author, was born in Boston, Mass., March 3, 1813; son of the Rev. James B. Howe, of Claremont, N.H. He entered the sophomore class of Washington (now Ti'inity) college in 1829, and was graduated in 1832. He then removed to Indiana, where he became prominently identified with local politics. He was a member of the .state legislature in 1850 and of the state constitutional convention of 1850. He is the author of: TJie Political Economy of Great Britain, the United States and France in the Use of Money: a Neiv Science of Production and Exchange (1878); Monetary and Industrial Fallacies: A Dialogue (1878); Mono-Mctallism and Bi-Metallisin; or. The Science of Monetary Values (1879); The Common Sense, the Mathe- matics and the Metaphysics of Money {en\. qA., 1881 ). He die.l at Lima, Ind., Jan. 22, 1883.

HOWE, John Ireland, inventor, was born in Ridgefiehl. Conn., July 20, 1793. He was edu- cated for the medical profession, was resident physician in the New York almshouse, and a prac- titioner in New York city and after 1829 in North Salem. N.Y. He patented an india-rubber com- pound in 1828 and built a factory for its manu- facture in 1829 at North Salem. He claimed to have been the first penson to attempt to combine with india-rubber other substances to make it more useful in the arts. His substance not prov- ing the l>est for the purpose nothing came of his invention. In 1830-31 he pro<luced a machine for manufacturing pins with solid lieads, which he patented in 1832. Tie completed another machine for their manufacture in 1833, and in

January, 1834, having secured patents abroad, he erected in Manchester, England, a machine by which pins to the weight of 24,000 to the pound were ])roduced. Failing to sell his patents in England, he returned to the United States in 1836 and erected a factory in New York, removing it to Birmingham, Conn., in 1838. He patented his rotary machine in 1840, and this machine was used with no material improvements for thirty years. He was awarded medals for his inventions with improvements made from time to time. He died in Birniinghani, Conn., Sept. 10, 1876.

HOWE, Julia Ward, author, was born in New York city, May 27, 1819; daughter of Samuel and Julia (Cutler) Ward. Among her ancestors were the Marions of South Carolina, Governor Samuel Ward, of the Continental congress, and Roger Williams. Her father was a success- ful banker, and after the death of her mother in 1824 had the charge of her ed- ucation, which was extremely liberal for the time, including the ancient and mod- ern languages. Julia inherited poetic ge- nius from her moth- er. After her fath- er's death in 1839 she visited Boston and while there met Mar- garet Fuller. She was married in New York in 1843 to Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, the eminent philanthropist. They spent the first year of their married life abroad and their first child, Julia Romaua, was born in Rome, Italy. Mrs. Howe was already well acquainted with the French, German and Italian languages. Before the civil war she conducted with her husband TJie Commonwealth, an anti-slavery paper, and in 1861 she wrote the famous " Battle Hymn of the Republic." A trip to Greece in 1807 resulted in her entertaining work, '' From the Oak to the Olive." In 1869 she espoused the cause of woman suffrage, and her first speech before a legislative committee was made in the green room of the state house, Boston, in the winter of 1869. She was an original member of the New England club, of which she was elected president. She pre- sided from time to time over the deliberations of the American Woman Suffrage association and was a delegate to the World's Prison Reform Con- gress in London in 1872. During her stay in England she made every effort to promote the formation of an international peace association of women, for which she had already published

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