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Aral)ic: and in 1838 went:is missionary to Con- stantinople. He served as a missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. at Constantinople, 18:J8-51.ana as an interpreter and charge d'alTaires in the U.S. lega- tion at Constantinople, lS31-,")3. He was assistant librarian of the New York State library, 1854-G8, and senior librarijui and chief of the library statf from 1868 until his death. He received the ilegree of LL.D. from Columbia college in 1873. He is the author of: The Need of the Yezeedees of Mesopotamia (1842): Obseri'atiovs on the De- sign and Import of Medals (1864); Our Knoicl- edijr of California and the Xorthu-est (1870); The Palatine Emigration to England in. 17u'J (1872); Tlie Water Supply of Constantinople (1876); Tlie Future Development of the Neio York State Library (1878); The Pompey (1881); The Correct Arms of the State of Neiv York (1883): and trans- lated The Alchemy of Mohammed Glazzali (1873). He died in Albany. X.Y.. Nov. 3, 1887.

HOOD, James Walker, A.M.E. Zion bishop, was born in Kennett township, Chester county, Pa., May 30, 1831; son of Lpvi and Harriett (Walker) Hood, and grandson of Charles Hood. He was verbally bound to a farmer, Ephraim Jackson, on whose place his father worked. The family as early as 1813 had taken part in found- ing a separate colored Methodist church in ^Yil- mington. Del., and James Walker Hood educated himself for the ministr}'. He was made a deacon in 1860, and an elder in 1862, serving in Nova Scotia as a missionary. He was pastor of a church in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1863, and was sent to North Carolina as the first colored missionary to the freedmen of the south. He was a delegate to the North Carolina reconstruction conventions of 1867 and 1868 and assistant sui^erintendent of public instruction for the state, 1868-71. He was consecrated bishop of the African M.E. Zion church in 1872 and made his home in Fayetteville, N. C. He was a charter trustee of Livingstone college and cliairman of the board of trustees from the beginning. He presided at one session of the Centennial conference in Baltimore, Md., in 188."). From 1865 to 1901 he superintended the es- tablishment of nearl)' eight hundred churches, erecting a place of worship for each. Lincoln university conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1887 and Livingstone college that of LL.D. He is the author of: TJie Negro in the Christian Pulpit (sermons, 1884); One Hundred Years of the A.M.E. Zion Church (1896); Tite Plan of the Apocalypse (MS. 1900), and contributions to iwrioiliculs.

HOOD, John Bell, soldier, was born in Owings- ville. Ky., June 29, 1831. His mother was a sister of J>ulge Richard French, representative from Kentucky in the 24th. 28th and 30th congresses. He was graduated at the U.S. Military academy

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in 18.j3 with the brevet rank of 2d lieutenant of infantry. He was promoted to the rank of 2d lieutenant in 1855 and assigned to the 2d U.S. cavalry, and was promoted 1st lieutenant in 1858. He was instructor in cavalry tactics at the Acad- emy, 1859-60, and re- signed from the U.S. army in 1861 to take service in the Con- federate army organ- izing in Virginia. He .served on the lower peninsula and was promoted from cap- tain to colonel and or- dered to Texas, where he recruited a brigade of Texan volunteers, returning with them to the j^eninsula. He was commissioned brigadier-general and

his command was assigned to Gen, G. W. Smith's division of Gen. J. E. Johnston's army. He took a prominent part in the battle of West Point, May 7, 1862, which battle was brought on by his excessive impatience for a fight. At the battle of Seven Pines. May 31- June 1, 1862, he again distinguished himself, and in the seven days' battles before Richmond his brigade was the first in Whiting's division and formed the right of "Stonewall" Jackson's command. At Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1862, his brigade, with that of Law, came to the relief of Gen. A. P. Hill and broke through Gen. F. J. Porter's corps, forming^ the left of the Federal line of battle. In this charge General Hood led the 4th Texas regiment in person and liis prompt action resulted in the victory won Iw the Confederates and gained for him promotion to the rank of major-general. At the second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862, he commanded a division of Longstreet's corps, made up of his old brigade and that of Whiting, with four batteries of artillery under Maj. B. W. Fro- bel. In this battle he forced the passage of Thoroughfare Gap which brought the armj' of Longstreet to the relief of Jackson, who had ac- complished his raid around Pope, and this junc- tion of the two wings of the Confederate army determined the success at Groveton and the rout of Pope's ami}-. At South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. his division reinforced that of D. H. Hill near Turner's Gap, where he checked the advance of the Federal force and saved Lee's army fiom being cut in two. On the 17th at Dunker Church he drove the Federals under Sedgwick back, and was in turn forced to retire, his ammunition being exhausted. On receiving a new supply he came to the support of Longstreet, holding the advanc-