Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 05.djvu/198

 HAZARD

HAZARD

1857, aided in inijiroving the village and the roads, and built five stone bridges. With his father he established the Hazard professorship of physics at Brown university, and he left §100,000 to that institution, $'20,000 to the Narragansett library association and made various other be- quests. He publislied adrlresses delivered an- nually at the south county fairs; a paper on the Credit Mubilier of America (1881); review articles on economic subjects; papers on scientific and philosophic themes; translations from Ger- man lyrics, original sonnets, and an address at the laying of tiie corner-stone of the state capitol. He died at Watkius. X.Y.. Aug. 1(5. 1898.

HAZARD, Rowland Gibson, financier, was born in South Kingstown, R.I.. Oct. 9, 1801; son of Rowland and ^hlry (Peace) Hazard; brother of Thomas Robinson Hazard; and a direct descend- ant in the seventh generation from Thomas Hazard, an original proprietor of Aquidneck is- land. He acquired his education at the schools of Burlington, N.J., Bristol, Pa., and finally at the Friends' boarding school,

Westtown. Pa. In 1819, with his eldest brotlier, Isaac Peace Hazard, he engaged in manufacturing at Peace Dale, R.I. In 1866 he retired from business, having

amassed a fortune, '^^Z^(^Lyl leaving his factories in the charge of his sons, Rowland and John Newbold Hazard. He was a member of the Rhode Island general assembly in 18.j1-,j2, 18r>4-.>5, and 1880-81, and served in the state senate in 1866-67. He was early identified with the Free Soil and Anti- Slavery parties and was one of the founders of the Repuldican party, attending its first conven- tion in Pittsburg, also going as a delegate to the Philadelpliia convention of 1856 and the Chicago conventions of 1860 and 1868. His early connec- tion with this party was so prominent that the southern newspapers warned southern people not to buj^ " Hazard's goods,'' and lie was obliged to give up his trade in that .section. In 1851 he introduced to the legislature of his state and caused the passage of a bill limiting the assumed absolute right, then claimed by railroad corpo rations, of taking private property, and obliged them to give certain public l)enefits for property taken. The principles which he then advocated were universally acknowledged to be sound and equitable. He united with the Union Pacific

railniad company with tiie understanding that he was to have no part in its business management, but when the affairs of the company became involved he put the company on a solid basis by jiersonal labor anil direct advances. During the civil war he did much to su.stain the national credit, and was oflFered an official position in the treasurj' department, which he declined. He visited Europe three times and while in England formed a friendship with John Stuart Mill, the pliilosopher. His own philosophical writings were read with interest throughout the English speaking world of learning. On Sept. 25, 1828, he was married to Caroline, daughter of John Newbold of Bloomsdale, Pa. He was a trustee of Brown university, 1869-75, and a fellow, 1875- 88. From Brown he received the honorary degree of A.M. in 1845 and that of LL.D. in 1869. He gave to the university $40,000, which was used to endow the '' Hazard "' professorsliip of phj'sics. Tliough constantly employed in busi- ness he found time for much writing, and pub- lished among other works: Et^say on Language (1834); The Adaptation of the Universe to the Culti- vation of the Mind (1840); Canses of Decline of Political Morality (1841); The Philosophical Char- acter of Channing (1844); The lielations of liailroad Corporations to the Public (1849); The Duty of In- dividuals to Support Science and Literature (1855); The Besources of the United States (1864); The Freedom of the Mind in Willing (1866); Essays on Finance and Hours of Labor (1868); Causation and Freedom in Willing addressed to John Stuart Mill (1809). He died at Peace Dale, R.I., June 24, 1888. HAZARD, Samuel, merchant, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 20, 1713-14; the second son of Nathaniel and Deborah Hazard. He en- gaged in mercantile business in New York city; was an active elder of the Wall Street Presby- terian church, founded by his ancestors; and a medium of communication between the synods of New York and Philadelphia. He was married in New Y^ork, October, 1739, to Catharine, daughter of Matthew and Cornelia (dePeyster) Clarkson of that city, by whom he had seven children. His wife was a sister of Matthew Clarkson, fourth mayor of Philadelphia; and of Anna, wife of the Rev. Samuel Finley, fifth president of the College of New Jersey, 1761-66. She died, Aug. 15, 1788. On removing his resi- dence to Pliiladelphia, Mr. Hazard was one of the founders and a manager of the Pennsylvania hospital; a trustee of the College of New Jersey, 1748-57; one of the founders of the University of Pennsylvania, 1749, and of the First and Second Presbyterian churches of Pliiladelphia. With the early history of Philailelphia and the times of the great revival under the preaching of White- field and of Gilbert and William Tennent, the