Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 05.djvu/175

 HAWTHORNE

HAWTHORNE

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leturning in 1870 to New York, where he was made hydrographic surveyor in the dock depart- ment under Gen. George B. McCiellau. In 18T2 he adopted literature as a profession, and went with his wife to Dresden, where he lived two years; removing to England in 1874, and living there during the greater part of the follow- ing eight years. In 1881 he returned with his family to New York, where he re- sided thereafter, with the exception of two trips to Europe and one to India (1897) and a residence of three jears in the West indies (1893- 96). He was literary critic on the staff of the London Spectator, 1877-81, and iiad charge of the literary page of the New York World, 1885-86. He did journalistic work on the New York Times as far back as 1872; and also sent letters from Europe to the TrOnine and the Herald, but his chief productions in this line were in connection with the New York Journal, as whose special commissioner he accompanied W^illiam J. Bryan on his campaign for the presi- dency in 1896. He also went as special connuis- sioner for the Journal to Cuba, at the time of the destruction of the Maine in Havana harbor in 1898. In 1897 he accepted a commission from the Cosmopolitan Magazine to px'oceed to India and investigate the facts of the plague and famine in that country ; and his experiences were pub- lished in the magazine the same year. His oldest son, J. F. B. Hawthorne was acting U.S. consul in Jamaica, West Indies. 1894-95; and in 1898 enlisted in the 71st regiment, N.Y. vols., and made the charge up San Juan hill at Santiago. Henry, his second son, entered a publishing house and Frederick, the youngest, prepared for Harvard. Notable among Mr. Hawthorne's novels are: (Tartli (1875); Sebastian Strome (1878): Arch- ihald Malmaison (1879) ; Dust (1880) ; Fortune's Fool (1882) ; Sinfire (1885) ; and Love is a Spirit (1895). In 1895 he also wrote A Fool of Nature, which took the first prize of §10,000 in the New York Herald competition. In addition to these novels, and numerous short stories, he published A Biography of Xathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife (2 vols., 1885) ; and History of the United States (3 vols., 1898). In 1890 he wrote, in conjunction with Mr. Lemmon of Texas, a treatise on Amer- ican Literature, widely used in schools through- out the United States.

HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel, author, was born in Sulem, Mass., July 4, 1804; the only son of Captain Nathaniel and Elizabeth Clark (Manning) Hathorne ; grandson of Capt. Daniel and Rachel (Phelps) Hathorne, Captain Hathorne being com- mander of the privateer The Fair American; great-grandson of Joseph Hathorne, a farmer; great^ grandson of John Hathorne, chief justice in the witch trials at Salem ; and great^ grand- son of William Hawthorne (born 1607, died 1681), who came from Wiltshire, England, with Jolin Wintlirop in the Arbella in 1630, settled in Dor- chester, Mass., and in 1636 removed to Salem in

BIRTH PLACe OFAJATHANIEL HAWTHOB/va.

consideration of a gift of large tracts of land, the settlers at Salem holding such a citizen to be " a public benefit.'' Nathaniel was a pupil in the school of Dr. Joseph E. Worcester, the lexicog- rapher, from 1811 to 1818. His mother removed to Raymond, Maine, and after living there in the woods one year Nathaniel returned to Salem and prepared for college. He matriculated at Bow- doin in 1821, at which time he restored the original English spelling of the name. He was graduated at Bowdoin, A.B., 1825, and A.M., 1828. Among his classmates were, John S. C. Abbott, James Ware Bradbury, Horatio Bridge, George Barrell Cheever. Jonathan Cilley, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Hezekiah Pack- ard, David Shepley, William Stone and other men of mark. President Franklin Pierce and Prof. Calvin Ellis Stowe were of tlie class of 1824. For twelve years after he left college Haw- thorne lived a recluse, reading and writing by night or day as it suited his fancy. He published his first novel, " Fanshawe," at his own expense in 1826 and sold a few hundred copies. He then completed "Seven Tales of My Native Land," stories of witchcraft, piracy and the sea, but finally decided to destroy the manuscript. In 1830 he wandered from home as far as the Con- necticut valley in company with an uncle, and in "1831 he went through New Hampshire, Vermont