Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 04.djvu/363

 GO UGH

GOULD

delphia. New Orleans auJ Cuba. He then re- turned to New York, where lie gave eighty concerts in ISoo-.IU. In ISoG he returned to Cuba with Adelina Patti and made a concert tour through tlie Greater Antilles. In lS63^-65 he made concert tours through the United States and in 1865 went to South America, where he achieved brilliant success in the principal cities. In November,*1869, he gave a great festival in Rio de Janeiro with six hundred fifty musicians, but swooned during the performance of " ilorte, ' ' his favorite composition, and never recovered his health. Gottschalk was lavish in his exjiend- itures to relieve the poor, and repeatedly gave concerts for the benefit of charitable objects. He was a chevalier of the orders of Isabella the Catholic, Charles III. and Lion of Holstein-Lim- bourg; a member of the philharmonic societies of Bordeaux, New York, Havana and Rio de Janeiro ; and the recipient of many medals and other honore. Among his more important composition, not already mentioned are, operas: Charles IX. and lannra de Salerno ; about twelve songs; and nearly ninety works for piano-forte, including: The Last Hope, Le Chant dii Soldat, La Marche de Nnit, Les Souvenirs d'Andalonsie and La Valse Poetique (1855); Cohtmhia, La Marche Solennelle and La Chute des Feuilles (1856) ; La Nuit des Tropiques, a symphony (1857); Murmnres Eoliens ; Dernier Amour; JUorte ; Le Banjo; lieflets du Passe ; Sos- plro; Berceuse, V Extase ; V Etincelle ; Printemps d.'Amorir; Bergere et Cavalier; L'Apotheose; and Le Grand Scherzo. See his Life and Letters liy Octavia Hensel; and Notes of a Pianist edited by his sister, Clara, and translated from the French by R. E. Peterson (1881). He died in Rio de .Janeiro. Brazil, S.A., Dec. 18. 1869.

QOUGIi, John Bartholemew, reformer, was born in Samlygate, Kent, England, Aug. 22, 1817, His father, a soldier in the Peninsular war, died in 1827, and his mother, from whom he ac- quired his education, sent the lad to the United States in 1829, where he worked on a farm in Oneida county, N.\'.. for two years ;uid then learned the trade of bookljinder in New Y'ork city His

mother and sister im- migrated to New York in 1832, and the next year he lost his situation and the family were reduced to desti- tution. His mother died and he became a wan- dering minstrel and actor and a constant patron

of the grog shop He was married in 1839 and established a shop for bookbinding, but his habits used up his earnings and his wife and child died from neglect. In 18-12, while in Worcester, Mass. , a victim to delirium tremens, he was induced by a Quaker temperance lecturer to sign the pledge. He kept it for a time, but old companions induced him to drink and this violation he regretted and confessed at a public meeting in Worcester. He was married again in 1843 and then devoted him- self to lecturing, speaking whenever he could get an audience, and for any sum from seventy- flve cents upwards. He spoke every day and often twice in one day. and for seventeen years his only topic was temperance. At least 5000 audiences listened to him, spellbound by his eloquence. He lectured in England, Scotland and Ireland, in 18,53-54, under difficulties incident to unsympathetic audiences, but in 1857-CO with great success, and in 1878 even the Oxonians re- ceived him with distinguished attention. After ISOO he added to his subject of temperance " Elo- iiuence and Orators"; "Peculiar People"; •• Facts and Fiction " ; " Habit " ; " Curiosity " ; " Circumstances "; " Will it Pay '"; " Now and Then"; "Night Scenes"; and "Blunders." From 1861 to the time of his death he delivered 3526 lectures, or in all during his career, 9600, to 9,000,000 hearers. In his library he had four lai-ge volumes containing over 140,000 autographs of men, women and childien whom he had per- sonally induced to sign the pledge. He could control a crowd made up of the worst class found in the dens and haunts of vice, as readily as he could an audience of intellectual lecture-goers. He was a zealous Christian, but in liis public; addresses never offensively obtruded either his religious or political beliefs. Amherst conferred on him the honoi'ary degree of A.M. in 1863. He published Antobior/raphij (1846 et seq); Orations (1854); Temperance (1870); Temperance Lectures (1879), and Sunlight and Shadow, or Gleanings from my Life Work (1880). He died during a lecture tour, at Frankford, Pa. Feb. 18, 1886.

GOULD, Aug:ustus Addison, conchologist.was born in New Ipswicli, N.H.. April 23, 1805. son of Nathaniel Dureu Gould ; and grandson of Reu- ben Duren. He was graduated from Harvarcl in arts and sciences in 1825 and in medicine in 1830, settling in Boston. Mass., to practise his profes- sion. In 1856 he was made visiting physician to the Massachusetts general hospital. Becoming more and more interested in natural history he turned bis attention particularly to conchology. He taught botanj- and zoology in Cambridge for two years, assisted Sir Charles Lyell. the English naturalist, in his geological investigations in the LTnited States, and examined and reported on the shells brought back by the Wilkes exploring