Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 04.djvu/269

 GARRISON

GARRISON

dained a minister of the P.E. church and was rector of St. Paul's, Camden, N.J., till he was appointed to the chair of liturgies and canon law in the Philadelphia divinity school, which position he held till his death. He received the degree of S.T.D. from the College of New Jersey in 1879. He is the author of: The Formation of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States (1885); and The, American PrayerBook: its Prin- ciples and the Law of its Use (1887). He died in Camden, N.J., Jan. 30, 1892.

GARRISON, Wendell Phillips, journalist, was born at Canibridgeport, Jhiss., June 4, 1840; son of William Lloyd and Helen Eliza (Benson) Garrison. He was gradviated from Harvard in 1861, and in 1865 became the literary editor of the Xation, New York. His published writings include a genealogy of the Benson Family of Xeio- port, B.I. (1873) ; the Life of William Lloyd Garri- son (with his brother Francis Jackson Garrison, 4 vols., 1885-89) ; a compilation of Bedside Poetry; Wliat Mr. Darwin saw in his Voyage aroxind the World; Parables for School and Home, and criti- cisms and reviews.

GARRISON, William Lloyd, aliolitionist, was born in Newburyport, Mass., Dec. 10, 1805; son of Abijah and Frances Maria (Lloyd) Garrison, who emigrated from Nova Scotia to Newbury- port in 1805. The father, a seafaring man, left his home in his son's infancy and never returned. Lloyd was an appren- tice, compositor anil foreman in the print- ing-office of the New- buryport I{erald,\8lS- 25. In 1826 he became editor of the New- buryport Free Press, to which John G. Whittier sent anony- mous contributions, and. on his identity being discovered by Garrison, became his firm friend. This en- terprise not succeed- ing, he next went to Boston where he edited the National Philanthropist, a temperance journal. In 1828 he removed to Bennington, Vt., as editor of the Journal of the Times, an organ established to support the candidacy of John Quincy Adams for the presidenc.y for a second term. In September, 1829, he joined Benjamin Lundy at Baltimore in the publication of the anti-slavery paper called the Genius of Universal Emanripntion, with the understanding that he might advocate the doc- trine of immediate emancipation. His denimcia- tions of a citizen of Newburyport for employing his ships in the domestic slave-trade caused his

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prosecution and imprisonment for libel. Arthur Tappan of New York shortly paitl the line, and he was released and went north to procure sup- port for a journal of his own at Boston. Chris- tian churches refused him the use of their audience rooms, and Julian hall, the headquar- ters of an infidel society, was used by him for three lectures. On Jan. 1, 1831, he founded in Boston The Liberator, which he continued to edit till slavery was abolished and the war ended in 1865. In the Liberator he announced a purely moral and pacific warfare against slavery, but he was charged with inciting slave insurrections, and the state of Georgia offered a reward of 85000 for his apprehension. In January, 1832, with eleven others he organized the New England anti-slavery society, and in December, 1833, the American anti-slavery society was founded in Philadelphia and Mr. Garrison drew up the Decla- ration of Sentiments. He opposed the scheme of African colonization and recommended the for- mation of anti-slavery societies in every free state. On Oct. 21, 1835, he was mobbed in Bos- ton after an effort made by the mob to find George Thompson, the English abolitionist, who was advertised to speak before the Boston fe- male anti-slavery society. After being hustled through the streets with a rope aroimd his body, he was finally saved by being put into jail. He opposed the formation of an anti-slavery political party, and advocated the admission of women to jjarticipation in the anti-slavery societies as speakers, voters and oflScers. As a non-resistant he refused to vote, but he also refrained because of the pro-slavery compromises of the Constitu- tion of the United States, which in this aspect he pronounced (in Scriptural language) "a cove- nant with death and an agreement with hell." In 1844 he succeeded, in bringing all the anti- slavery societies to this position. He parted company with the anti-slavery jmrty on its for- mation and continued his moral agitation, sup- ported by a powerful band of followers. He advised the placing of the war on an anti-slav- eiy basis, and the establishing of a new union with a constitution forever j^rohibiting slavery. At the close of the war the sum of §30.000 was raised by public subscription and presented to him as a token of grateful appreciation of his life services. Citizens of Boston erected on the city's most beautiful tlioroughfare a bronze statue to his memory. He was a guest of the government at the raising of the stars and stripes on Fort Sumter, April 14, 1865, on the fourth anniver- sary of the surrender of the fort and of the in- auguration of the war. He was married in Brooklyn, Conn., Sept. 4. 1834, to Helen Eliza, (laughter of George and Sally (Tlmrber) Benson. They had seven children, of whom four sons and